Construa um sistema de negociação de spread automatizado no excel pdf

A divulgação baseada na Internet pode reduzir a assimetria de informação?

A Internet é amplamente utilizada por empresas listadas para gerenciar as relações com investidores. Desde janeiro de 2007, a Autoridade Financeira Francesa exige que as empresas listadas na Euronext-Paris divulguem todas as informações financeiras obrigatórias via Internet, a fim de aumentar a transparência das informações. Este artigo examina o impacto da divulgação baseada na Internet no mercado de ações francês, analisando a relação entre a assimetria de informação e as práticas de divulgação na Internet. Estendendo estudos anteriores sobre divulgação baseada na Web, uma lista de verificação de 40 itens é desenvolvida para avaliar o nível de divulgação voluntária baseada na Internet. Medindo a assimetria de informação pelo spread e a probabilidade de negociação informada, mostramos que uma maior divulgação baseada na Web reduz a assimetria de informação no mercado financeiro francês.

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Análise de Negócios no mundo da banca e negociação.

Derivativos, Mercado de Capitais, Renda Fixa, Bancos, Negociação, Wall Street e Finanças.

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Philip Green.

Philip Green 312.731.0965.

Mesa de Operações de Derivativos.

10 anos na mesa de negociação de derivativos!

Gerente de ProjetosCapital Markets.

A experiência de produtos estruturados inclui ações, taxas e títulos vinculados a commodities, bônus de subscrição, certificados, cédulas de moeda estrangeira, fideicomissos de finalidade especial, demanda de taxa variável preferencial e notas de demanda de taxa variável.

A experiência de Index Swaps inclui Curvas de crédito, Euro Overnight Index Average (utilizando o novo benchmarking EURIBOR), Swaps de inflação, Swaps de volume, CDX de empréstimo, Swap de retorno total sobre futuros de acções (modelámos como futuros para fins de risco no Fortis)

Philip Green foi fundamental na implementação da plataforma OTC Derivatives, trazendo Swaps de Taxa de Juros, Swaps de Retorno Total, Swaps de Inadimplência de Crédito, Contratos por Diferenças, opções Cliquet incorporadas em produtos estruturados Fortis Bank, swaps de inflação, swaps representados por obrigações, swaptions, TRS em Futuros de Ações modelados como futuros para fins de Risco e fluxo de caixa de Obrigações com características de futuros (por exemplo, CTD - contratos para diferenças)

Especialidades de Philip Green:

Compensação e trocas (ICE, LCH)

Zero latente (Minerva, Tesseract, sentinela)

Sol Arco Ângulo Direito.

Sistemas de Wall Street.

Analista de Negócios Philip Green Calypso Murex Openlink Endur Derivatives.

Mercado de Capitais, Derivativos, Analista de Negócios Sênior de Commodities.

Solo Construa.

Solo Construa! (também conhecido como "SBI!") é o único pacote completo de processo passo a passo, ferramentas de software, orientação abrangente, suporte 24/7 e "atualização automática" que permite que os solopreneurs criem negócios on-line lucrativos.

Nós condensamos a complexidade avassaladora e em constante mutação em uma abordagem de construção de e-ebys que você sempre precisará. Seu histórico de 15 anos é um dos "sucesso solo" com taxas e níveis de sucesso inigualáveis.

Já tem um site? Não é bem sucedido?

Construa um negócio.

Hoje, qualquer um pode criar um site com aparência profissional.

Grandes empresas como a Wix gastam uma tonelada para fazer você acreditar que seu site ou blog é o seu negócio. O resultado?

A maioria das pessoas comete o erro fatal de acreditar que o site ou blog é o negócio. Não é. Construir um site ou blog é, na verdade, a parte mais fácil.

As partes mais difíceis são 1) estágio de pesquisa e planejamento, 2) criação de conteúdo de alto valor para seu site (e mídia social), 3) criação de tráfego e 4) monetização (conversão de visitantes em renda).

Nenhum "sitebuilder" faz as partes difíceis. Você faz!

99% dos negócios construídos por solopreneur falham nas "partes duras" críticas. Se um falhar, o negócio morre. Se você os executar bem, seu negócio on-line prosperará & mdash; é isso que SBI! ajuda você a fazer.

Renda e Equidade.

Use o único produto all-in-1 que fornece tudo o que você precisa (processo, ferramentas, atualização, orientação e suporte) para criar um e-business que gere lucros crescentes e de longo prazo e alto valor intrínseco (ou seja, ).

Importante! Qualquer empreendimento on-line que precise que você continue escrevendo e trabalhando é como um trabalho. Quando você pára, o mesmo acontece com a renda. Mas uma empresa que é construída corretamente pode.

continuar a gerar renda durante uma ausência prolongada (por exemplo, férias, doença) ser vendido para um pagamento final grande & mdash; isso é "equidade".

SBI! os membros constroem negócios com ambos.

SBI! os membros obtêm taxas e níveis de renda incomparáveis.

A maioria dos solopreneurs falha. Um começo entusiasmado termina como uma decepção intrigante. Pior, a maioria nunca descobre o porquê.

SBI! garante que você tenha o básico certo, que você faça as coisas na ordem correta, que você esteja no caminho certo e que você não seja enganado por informações incorretas. Em resumo.

SBI! condensa complexidade esmagadora em um sistema que funciona. Elimina porque a maioria dos solopreneurs falha, permitindo que eles se concentrem na alegria do sucesso do negócio.

O elemento humano do SBI! torna uma alegria, tanto para nós que trabalhamos na SBI! todos os dias, e para as pessoas comuns que o usam para atingir metas de mudança de vida.

Não é um construtor de sites & mdash;

É um construtor de negócios na web.

Construir um site corretamente é apenas um passo de 10 no processo abrangente de criação de negócios da SBI !. SBI! orienta você metodicamente em todas as etapas da construção de um negócio.

desde o início (avaliação, escolha e refinamento do conceito de negócio) até o "fim" (crescimento do maior e mais estável rendimento possível).

O Guia de Ação do Solo Build It! (AG) faz isso. A combinação de informações básicas e instruções passo a passo permite que os indivíduos (de iniciantes a sofisticados) desenvolvam negócios on-line de longo prazo com taxas e níveis de lucratividade incomparáveis.

Para o sofisticado também?

SBI! é para qualquer um que ainda tenha um negócio online próspero. Isso não tem nada a ver com o quanto você sabe. Trata-se de aplicar as informações certas da melhor maneira possível, na sequência correta & mdash; e fazendo isso com "BAM" (mais sobre "BAM" em um minuto).

Tudo o que você precisa saber e fazer é na AG. É também tudo o que você precisa & mdash; você não perderá tempo com informações inúteis ou cometer erros devido a informações incorretas. Esta abordagem funciona & mdash; SBI! tem um histórico comprovado de 15 anos. Ninguém mais faz.

A AG da SBI! Quebra o complexo projeto de criação de negócios em 10 (metafóricos) "DAYs". Cada DAY é um grande avanço no processo. Veja como "site-building" é apenas 1 dia de 10 (dia 6).

O DIA 6 oferece as habilidades para estruturar e "preencher" seu site com conteúdo de alto valor sob demanda. Em suma, você constrói um site corretamente, um que se destaca em uma multidão competitiva.

Se SBI! consistia apenas no DIA 6 e seu sitebuilder de classe mundial, você ainda estaria à frente dos milhões que usam sitebuilders como Wix, Yola, Weebly, etc. Como você viu, o Guia de Ação contém muito mais do que o DIA 6.

É um empreendedor paciente, completo e metódico. A cobertura completa explica uma grande parte da taxa de sucesso do SBI! 100X, mas nem todos.

Enquanto o Guia de Ação é o núcleo, há muito mais para o SBI !. Você também precisa das ferramentas certas para executar de forma ideal muitas das etapas que não são de criação de site (por exemplo, refinando a seleção de nicho ou maximizando os sinais sociais passivos). Com o SBI !, não há necessidade de descobrir todas as ferramentas de que você precisa, ou de pesquisar quais são as melhores - mdash; eles estão embutidos e prontos para serem usados.

SBI! não começou assim. SBIers nos ensinou o que eles precisavam. Por exemplo, o firehose de artigos relacionados ao e-business (por exemplo, SEO, AdSense, etc.) era incontrolável há 10 anos. Imagine acompanhar tudo isso hoje. Nós fazemos isso por você! (Mais sobre "atualização automática" mais tarde).

Acontece que a maioria das pessoas precisa de um pouco de ajuda em algum momento. SBIers conseguem tanto quanto querem de uma comunidade que se importa, o SBI! Fóruns. Todo mundo realmente quer ajudar, e todos nós trabalhamos com o mesmo "manual" (uma grande vantagem). E oh sim. ninguém tem uma agenda escondida ou tenta te vender uma coisa.

Linha de fundo? Há uma imensa diferença entre construir um site e um negócio. Vamos resumir o que há no SBI.

Solo Construa! Inclui tudo que você precisa para construir um negócio.

Vídeo passo a passo, versões escritas e móveis do Guia de Ação ajudam você em todas as etapas, levando você ao processo de criação de negócios on-line mais eficaz disponível em qualquer lugar.

Todas as ferramentas que você precisa para crescer seu negócio on-line cada vez mais rentável. De pesquisa de nicho a sitebuilding para planejamento de monetização, SBI! você cobriu?

SBI! mantém você atualizado (para que você não precise desperdiçar tempo de baixa produtividade). Quer se trate de novos desenvolvimentos importantes ou a rara pepita de ouro de centenas de fontes de e-business que acompanhamos, temos a sua volta. Atualizações e adições de software são gratuitas e automáticas também!

24x7 SiteSell Support está sempre ao seu alcance (bate-papo também!).

E obtenha assistência na construção de negócios no SBI "ajude e seja ajudado"! Fóruns, uma comunidade de solopreneurs like-minded que se importam. Um bom bônus para o fórum & mdash; nenhum afiliado tenta vender nada a você!

Não há necessidade de um designer, SBI! inclui mais de cem modelos para tornar o seu negócio bonito. Todos os designs de site (e todos os itens dentro deles) podem ser personalizados facilmente usando ferramentas simples e familiares.

Não há plugins ou modelos para comprar. Nenhum outro "nível" de serviço.

Tudo está incluído no Solo Build It !.

Nenhuma outra compra é necessária.

Usuário do WordPress?

AGORA você pode fazer isso usando o WP!

& # x2705; O Sistema de Gerenciamento de Conteúdo final e o incomparável Sistema de Business Building estão finalmente juntos.

Se você usa o WordPress e já sabe tudo sobre o SBI !, clique aqui para o SBI! para WP.

Continue lendo para entender completamente as proezas comprovadas de desenvolvimento de negócios da SBI!

Apenas começando um negócio na web?

& # x1F3A5 Faça o tour em vídeo. Da ideia aos negócios, você verá como a SBI! Faz a diferença.

Faça mais do que "aprender como". Faça mais do que simplesmente criar outro site ou blog que "fica lá".

O processo certo, as ferramentas certas que removem todas as barreiras e mistérios, aplicadas corretamente no momento certo. É assim que você cresce um negócio online com lucros crescentes a longo prazo.

É assim que SBI! trabalho.

Para vê-lo em ação, faça o tour de vídeo de 30 minutos. Isso explica tudo. Você vai entender como e por que SBI! entrega o que promete. sua melhor chance no sucesso do e-business.

Totalmente garantido por 90 dias.

Comece hoje sem riscos.

Por mais de 15 anos, SBI! provou ser o sistema mais eficaz de construção de negócios na web disponível.

Orientação e suporte únicos, metodologia superior.

Sempre atualizado. Nada para instalar, nunca!

Não apenas construa um site deslumbrante. Crescer um negócio em expansão.

Ligue-nos gratuitamente & ndash; 1-888-987-3669.

Ou clique aqui para enviar e-mail.

Solo Construa! É tudo isso e muito mais para essas pessoas.

Cada SBI! membro abaixo alcançou metas de mudança de vida. Clique em qualquer um para entender como ele fez, e como o SBI! permite que você faça o mesmo, mesmo que a ideia de desenvolver um negócio on-line seja totalmente nova para você.

Elad's Story: Elad deixou o cubículo destruidor de almas para levar uma vida de libertação auto-realizável. Agora recebendo mais de 2 milhões de visitantes por mês, Elad tem tempo e dinheiro para viajar pelo mundo, jogar futebol profissional e cultivar a família quando ele e sua irmã não estão desenvolvendo o negócio.

A história de B: "B" transformou sua "ideia maluca" em um site que abrange o interior australiano em um e-business que permitiu que ela se tornasse autônoma e feliz.

Ela escreve sobre o que ama e está livre para percorrer o mundo com seu laptop. Nas palavras de B.

"Liberdade é algo que não pode ser pago."

A história de Fiona: Como dois escoceses, Fiona e Jim, acabam na Toscana quente e ensolarada, conversando com produtores de Hollywood e visitando Salvatore Ferragamo? SBI !. É assim que. Como esta equipe de marido e mulher gosta de dizer.

"Os sonhos se realizam, se você os desafiar. E se você trabalha para transformá-los em realidade."

Crystal's Story: Crystal, uma artista não técnica, transforma sua paixão por culinária em um negócio on-line de sucesso. Tudo começou com alguns e-mails para amigos sobre idéias fáceis de jantar.

Agora, essa mãe que trabalha em casa com quatro filhos adolescentes, todos em esportes, adora como ela pode trabalhar quando e onde ela quiser.

História de Richard: Um "empresário off-line", Richard está usando seu SBI! site para impulsionar as vendas deste mundo. O desenvolvimento de produtos de Richard passou do depósito de lixo da cidade de Ottawa, no Canadá, para um acordo de licenciamento que distribuirá seu único e patenteado estabilizador de estacas para plataformas de madeira em lojas dos Estados Unidos.

Seu site de conteúdo temático lhe permitiu, como Richard diz, "semear o mercado, provar o conceito e criar um burburinho incrível entre o público que agora entra nas lojas exigindo o produto".

História de Ashley: A paixão de Ashley por histórias em quadrinhos vintage fez dele o "super-herói" para as pessoas que tentam avaliar o valor de sua coleção, ou tentando vendê-lo a um preço justo.

Com apenas quatro anos de trabalho, ele compra centenas de milhares de dólares comprando e revendendo histórias em quadrinhos, recebe uma comissão considerável da rede de parceiros do eBay e acaba de assinar o contrato para o seu primeiro espaço de escritório!

Patty's Story: Patty não sabia nada sobre o mundo on-line, exceto como checar e-mails e fazer buscas no Google quando ela criava seu website.

Quatro anos mais tarde, ela tinha um negócio de coaching crescente e múltiplos fluxos de renda secundária, incluindo seus próprios e-books cheios de várias dicas e técnicas de culinária vegan, e um e-course de perda de peso.

Dois anos depois, seu marido Jeff se juntou a ela para administrar seu negócio de serviços, que agora é sua principal fonte de renda.

A melhor parte? Permite-lhes viajar juntos enquanto ganham dinheiro.

A história de Steve: Steve e seu amigo não tinham nada a perder. Ambos foram demitidos após o crash da bolsa de valores. Eles não tinham capital, exceto o próprio tempo e o patrimônio líquido. Então eles arregaçaram as mangas e começaram a construir seus dois SBI! empresas para proprietários de torres de celular.

Em 2010 & mdash; apenas dois anos depois & mdash; eles foram apresentados no New York Times. Um pouco mais tarde, como Steve coloca: "as coisas só foram gangbusters". Agora eles estão no caminho certo para alcançar sua primeira renda anual de 7 dígitos.

Qual fio comum conecta esses solopreneurs (além de seu sucesso)? Eles vieram para o SBI! com 3 qualidades simples que chamamos de "BAM!".

B chuva: sabe muito sobre um nicho (não precisa ser "inteligente") A atitude: positiva, otimista, animada Motivação: alto nível de determinação.

O mito "é fácil".

SBI! capacita você a construir um lucrativo negócio on-line, com uma porcentagem excepcionalmente alta de sucesso.

Nosso histórico é um salto quântico melhor do que aquele que é o segundo melhor.

Vimos técnicas "rápidas e fáceis" surgirem e desaparecerem. Eles sempre vão, para serem substituídos por promessas novas e falsas.

Recentemente, no entanto, algumas das maiores empresas de hospedagem e sitebuilding estão anunciando como é fácil. Infelizmente, "fácil" não vai cortá-lo.

Confie em nós quando dizemos: "Não é fácil". É preciso trabalho para alcançar o sucesso nos negócios.

Nós podemos (e simplificamos) isso. sim .

Nós dividimos tudo em melhores práticas, sempre atualizadas, etapas ordenadas da melhor maneira. Você segue esses passos. Funciona.

Mas pode SBI! tornar a construção de negócios "fácil"? Ninguém pode & mdash; se fosse fácil, todos seríamos ricos. & # x1F4B0.

Atualização automática & # x1F449 100% FOCO, 0% "FOMO"

Nosso principal produto, Solo Build It! , fornece o processo exato, passo a passo sempre atualizado que permite que você tenha sucesso, bem como as ferramentas necessárias e orientação quando você precisar.

O processo, chamado C T P M, evoluiu ao longo de um período de 15 anos. Ele integrou cada novo desenvolvimento da Internet (por exemplo, RSS, Web 2.0 / conteúdo gerado pelo usuário, mídia social, celular, etc.).

SBI! tem uma longa lista de "primeiros", desde conceitos como "PREselling" e "marketing de conteúdo" até o Content 2.0 (o primeiro produto on-line a permitir que os visitantes contribuam como um mini-Facebook, exceto melhor). "C2" empurrou as empresas on-line para alturas nunca antes possível. Outro exemplo é o redesenvolvimento completo do nosso sitebuilder, BlockBuilder 2 & mdash; um desenvolvimento multimilionário de vários milhões de dólares, para que os SBIers pudessem aproveitar melhor as novas tendências e as necessidades de construção de sites que estavam (e estão) chegando. Um último exemplo, porque a atualização automática é uma vantagem importante do SBI! . Quando os dispositivos móveis começaram a crescer rapidamente, as teorias passaram a ser a melhor maneira de fazer uma versão móvel de um website. Muitos perderam tempo considerável em complicadas "soluções móveis" & mdash; até versões totalmente separadas do mesmo site. Nós pesquisamos e assistimos, resistindo ao hype e à urgência.

A atualização é uma parte crítica para manter os SBIers à frente da concorrência. Como nós fazemos isso varia. Às vezes nós lideramos. Às vezes nós esperamos. De qualquer forma, economizamos o tempo da SBI. Eles não perdem seu tempo.

ler e acompanhar novas tendências e tecnologias perdendo tempo tomando as medidas erradas (por exemplo, construindo prematuramente uma versão para celular) sendo enganadas em esquemas "Get Rich Quick" incrivelmente convincentes.

Poderíamos continuar e continuar, mas basta dizer que, como qualquer organismo complexo em um ambiente em mudança, é maravilhosamente flexível.

C T P M provou ser uma abordagem adaptável que se fortalece a cada grande mudança evolucionária.

Além disso, rastreamos centenas de blogs, boletins informativos e mídias sociais para que você não tenha que tentar descobrir tudo. Você obtém apenas as melhores informações, inseridas no sistema no momento em que precisar, mantendo-o livre de distrações, concentrando-se 100% nos negócios.

O resultado? Progresso Máximo de Negócios.

Nós salvamos você a cada segundo possível. O tempo é o bem mais valioso de cada solopreneur, sua maior restrição. Solo Construa! permite que você coloque tudo no que mais importa (seu negócio!).

Não para ler para "acompanhar". Não em seguir um mau conselho. Não para desperdiçar dinheiro com produtos ruins. A combinação de processo e ferramentas evergreen, ainda em constante evolução / atualização mantém SBI! Solopreneurs ("SBIers") à frente do bando, movendo-o à frente da maneira mais eficiente possível.

Em uma Internet de movimento rápido, onde você não pode perder algo ou fazer uma escolha errada ("FOMO"), eliminar essa ansiedade é enorme. Colocar 100% do seu tempo no crescimento do seu negócio, confiante de que temos as suas costas, é uma das coisas mais importantes que fazemos para os SBIers.

A taxa de sucesso solopreneur é desanimadamente baixa. O histórico de provas objetivas da SBI fala por si.

CUIDADO! O que você faz quando não consegue vencer o melhor? As afiliadas de uma empresa escrevem resenhas falsas sobre o SBI !. E depois? Eles recomendam seu produto & mdash; Nenhuma prova de sucesso, claro. Se isso não fosse tão sorrateiro, ficaríamos lisonjeados. Cuidado com este truque sujo & mdash; reduz suas chances de sucesso de alto tráfego em 97%!

Concentre seu tempo em seu negócio.

Se você usa o WordPress, aqui estão as ótimas notícias que prometemos!

Finalmente, SBI! Traz Sucesso de Construção de Negócios para o WordPress.

Você se esforçou para gerar renda com o WordPress?

Você não está sozinho (e não é falha do WordPress)

O WordPress é o sistema de gerenciamento de conteúdo mais utilizado no mundo. Seus recursos de plug-in ampliam enormemente sua funcionalidade de criação de blogs e criação de sites. Mas o WordPress não é (e nunca foi concebido para ser) um sistema completo de processo de negócios, software (além de plugins) e orientação.

Por exemplo, o WordPress não vem com um Guia de Ação de criação de negócios. Ele não possui as ferramentas de pesquisa detalhadas necessárias para tomar as melhores decisões de nicho possíveis. Nem a criação de tráfego, as mídias sociais ou a monetização (principais etapas de criação de negócios) pertencem ao WordPress.

Não é de admirar que estudos mostrem as mesmas taxas de sucesso de baixo nível de solopreneur para usuários do WordPress. A maioria falha pelos mesmos motivos. & # x1F449 Um site maravilhoso não é o mesmo que um próspero negócio online. Solopreneurs podem falhar em tantos pontos, condenando seus futuros, mesmo que tenham um site ou blog sensacional. Então isso levanta a questão óbvia.

"O que é SBI! Para WP e.

Como isso impede ou vira a minha falha? "

SBI! para WP combina WordPress e sua hospedagem com uma versão do SBI! Isso inclui todas as etapas de criação de negócios. Inclui tudo, exceto o SBI! sitebuilder e SBI! hospedagem (você já tem isso). Em outras palavras, SBI! O WP adiciona todas as etapas e ferramentas de criação de negócios necessárias para ter sucesso.

O preço do SBI! para WP é 50% menor (desde que você forneça sua própria hospedagem e WordPress). SBI para WP! é idêntico ao que fez com que uma porcentagem tão alta de SBIers tenha sucesso.

Já tem um site WordPress? Está falhando? & # x1F449 Nunca é tarde demais para salvá-lo com o SBI !. Basta seguir o Guia de Ação, corrigir o que está errado, adicionar o que está faltando. Ou. Se você está começando um novo conceito de negócio, você o fará corretamente desde o primeiro passo do planejamento, até o "dinheiro no banco".

Transforme seu site WordPress-construído em um negócio on-line Top 0,5%! Junte-se às fileiras do "The Successful Solopreneur".

Acrescente a eficácia da criação de negócios do SBI! Ao WordPress.

Embrulhando-o.

Por que construir um site ou blog quando você pode construir um negócio?

Off-line, um local de trabalho (por exemplo, um escritório, estúdio, loja) não é "o negócio". O negócio só se desenvolve.

se você se preparou bem, se você atrair clientes, se você provar experiência e fornecer valor (ganhar confiança), se você estabelecer relações / likeability se você rentabilizar de forma eficaz.

Nós todos sabemos que é verdade para os negócios off-line. Mesmo depois de 20 anos, uma coisa engraçada acontece "digitalmente".

Na linha, todo mundo parece esquecer que um site ou blog não é um negócio. É apenas um site ou blog, sentado lá. Você já se preparou bem antes? Você é capaz de criar tráfego? Você tem um plano de monetização?

Enquanto SBI! Ensina-lhe a estrutura ideal para o seu site, a maior razão para o seu sucesso empresarial inigualável é muito mais do que isso.

SBIers constroem empresas, não meros sites ou blogs. Existem centenas de formas mais rápidas que o SBI! para colocar (ainda outro ineficaz) site ou blog. Mas não há melhor maneira de construir um e-business vencedor do que o SBI! .

Não seria ótimo?

Se "Do or Die" veio totalmente livre de risco?

Bem, decidindo pelo SBI! é assim. Há apenas "fazer", não "morrer".

Se SBI! não é para você, por qualquer motivo, você não perde nada.

Basta cancelar e reembolsar, sem motivo necessário. .

Esta decisão é apenas de cabeça.

Como você sabe se SBI!

Nós todos amamos histórias "É Fácil". Queremos acreditar que o sucesso fácil é possível. É por isso que as loterias são tão bem sucedidas & mdash; você também pode "Get Rich Quick!"

Grandes empresas agora lançam anúncios no mercado de massa para ganhar dinheiro online. Eles crescem enormes vendendo sonhos & mdash; existem milhões de sites Wix.

A maioria das pessoas é rápida em pular "o que é fácil". Não há necessidade de fazer os sacrifícios que o trabalho árduo requer & mdash; especialmente quando as hashtags dizem "#ItsThatEasy".

Por outro lado, existem apenas milhares de SBIers. A redescoberta que a construção de negócios requer trabalho rapidamente elimina 99%.

Heck, a maioria dos visitantes desta página da web não estão nem mesmo conosco até agora, ainda lendo. Se você chegou até aqui, você pode ser perfeito para o SBI !. & # x1F44D & # x1F44D.

As leis imutáveis ​​dos negócios afirmam que nunca pode ser "tão fácil" construir um negócio lucrativo.

Pode ser para lendas do futebol, como Brett Favre (ver vídeo). Não funciona assim para o resto de nós. (E o site de Favre não existe & mdash; apenas dizendo!)

Mesmo que grandes empresas afirmem que a criação de negócios on-line lucrativos "#IsThatEasy", não é.

Se fosse, todos seríamos tão ricos quanto Brett Favre!

Portanto, se você acredita que construir um negócio on-line lucrativo, com patrimônio real, pode ser fácil, por favor, pare de ler agora. Não é isso que oferecemos. Apenas para ficar claro.

SBI! ajuda você a construir um lucrativo negócio na Web, não apenas sites ou blogs (que são apenas uma parte do maior quebra-cabeças de negócios on-line). Sim, qualquer primata pode colocar um site hoje em dia. Mas um site não é um negócio. Apenas fica lá. Não gera #income ou #equity. Demora muito mais para construir um negócio on-line rentável.

Uma pequena fração de sites construídos por solopreneur se tornam negócios de sucesso. Esta página de resultados e vários estudos mostram que o SBI! as empresas são bem sucedidas 100 vezes mais que a média e em níveis de renda mais altos. Sim com certeza. 100x.

Colocando de forma franca.

Não é "tão fácil", não se "se refere" à construção de um negócio on-line que lhe traga objetivos de mudança de vida. Mesmo que tenhamos condensado e simplificado o SBI! em um produto multifuncional, a criação de um negócio exige trabalho. Se você é sério sobre a construção de um negócio on-line, você veio ao lugar certo.

Mas se você quer apenas construir um site ou blog, você não precisa do SBI! por isso. Qualquer um pode fazer isso usando qualquer produto. Você terminará com um site, não importa onde você vá (não importa - Wix, Weebly, Yola, WordPress, GoDaddy, etc.). Mas um site não é mais um negócio on-line do que um escritório ou uma loja vazia é um off-line.

Há muito mais trabalho a ser feito. As grandes empresas não incluem as informações, processos, ferramentas e comunidades necessárias para converter um site em um negócio lucrativo. Sem mencionar que a construção de um site primeiro está fora de ordem. Os passos apropriados na ordem correta também.

salve sua ideia de negócio, evitando a falha total ou. no mínimo, faça uma diferença substancial em sua lucratividade.

Algumas empresas usam algumas ferramentas e artigos com sua hospedagem e sitebuilding. Não é o sistema de construção de negócios completo, comprometido com o seu sucesso e atualizado, necessário para desenvolver um negócio lucrativo baseado na Web.

Negócios on-line tem um objetivo óbvio. Apenas SBI! fornece uma prova detalhada da entrega desse objetivo. Não é disso que se trata?

Se você ainda não assistiu ao & # x1F3A5 SBI! Video Tour, por favor clique aqui.

Isso explica tudo sobre como o SBI! constrói negócios.

O que é especial sobre SBIers?

SBIers são "O Anti-GetRichQuick". Eles sabem que construir um negócio real que dura não é um site ou um blog, barato e rápido. Nem se trata de perseguir dólares de curto prazo com a tendência quente do dia.

As SBIers são um grupo de elite, tanto em termos de ter o que é preciso quanto nos resultados que obtêm. Eles também são pessoas legais.

Esta página web e site são longgggggg. Caramba, é quase um "teste!" Se você ainda está aqui com a gente, você vai se sair muito bem com o SBI! porque você já tem a "perna de âncora" do BAM.

O que é o BAM? É um acrônimo para as 3 características pessoais que são necessárias para direcionar qualquer negócio para atingir suas metas de vida.

Alguns candidatos a soloprene não acham que conhecem um nicho específico o suficiente para construir um negócio em torno dele. SBI! tem até tem uma ferramenta para isso! Ajuda a encontrar e desenvolver nichos perfeitos para você.

Construir um negócio on-line é ideal para você?

Não é para todos. Existem vantagens e desvantagens, dor por ganho. Parece ótimo, mas você está disposto a fazer os sacrifícios necessários para encontrar o tempo?

Veja como iniciar um negócio on-line. É um olhar equilibrado, realista e sem exageros sobre como é a vida de um solopreneur. Nós só queremos que você se torne um SBI! membro, se é certo para você. Caso contrário, você não vai durar & mdash; e qual é o ponto nisso?

B chuva: você sabe muito sobre um nicho (não precisa ser "inteligente"). A ttitude: positiva, otimista, você sabe que os altos e baixos e vice-versa. M odivação: alto nível de determinação, capaz de se concentrar e "fazê-lo".

BAM por si só não é suficiente & mdash; a maioria das pessoas precisa do SBI! para liberar todo o seu potencial bruto. Nem é SBI! suficiente & mdash; Se você não tem a motivação para chegar tão longe, por exemplo, é menos provável que você tenha sucesso com o SBI! A combinação "BAM + SBI!" É o que diferencia a SBI.

As SBIs se concentram em construir empresas genuínas, que proporcionam lucros e liberdade cada vez maiores pelo resto de suas vidas. Quem são eles?

Alguns são novatos totais. Outros são profissionais de marketing experientes na Internet (mas que ainda não foram bem-sucedidos - "web-savviness" contribui pouco para o sucesso). Alguns estão começando um novo e-business. Outros estão tentando consertar um já existente. Alguns são empresários locais. Outros "são globais", vendendo anúncios, serviços, livros eletrônicos e até mesmo seus próprios produtos em todo o mundo.

Seja qual for a natureza de seus negócios e o nível de "conhecimento da Internet", eles são bem-sucedidos. Eles fazem isso sem gastar milhares de dólares em ferramentas complementares, assinaturas "obrigatórias", designers, webmasters e especialistas em mecanismos de pesquisa. Eles possuem seus sites, seus negócios e suas vidas.

O que mais é diferente sobre o SBI! membros?

SBI! os membros aplicam o BAM para "Trabalhar de Forma Mais Inteligente e Mais Difícil" para alcançar o sucesso nos negócios levando a uma liberdade pessoal significativa. Embora semelhante a esse respeito, eles são diversos de muitas maneiras.

Esta ampla gama de países, empresas e nichos se reúnem no local de encontro para pequenas empresas mais construtivo do mundo, o SBI privado! Fóruns. Mais sobre o lugar para amigável, Business-Building Discussão abaixo.

Vivemos em uma era de "eu quero tudo agora".

A maioria das pessoas prefere acreditar que "talvez seja realmente assim tão fácil".

SBIers sabem o que é preciso. Nosso pequeno SBI! comunidade é especial. realista, pronto, motivado e focado em ganhar.

Se você tem a disciplina de gratificação atrasada e a determinação de realmente construir um lucrativo negócio online.

Entre nos negócios com os olhos bem abertos & # 128515;

Mensagem pessoal de Ken Evoy, fundador da SiteSell Inc.

Apesar de ter o melhor (o único) produto de construção de negócios desse tipo para solopreneurs, você e eu temos um problema. E é o mesmo problema. Aqui está.

Mesmo que nada chegue perto da taxa e do nível de sucesso da SBI e, apesar de custar menos de US $ 1 por dia, as chances são de que você acabe em outro lugar.

Existe até um fio incrível no SBI! Fóruns chamados "The Long and Winding Road". SBIers explicam como às vezes levou anos para finalmente tentar o SBI !. Aqui está um post típico do SBIer.

Eu também tentei quase todo o resto primeiro! Eu fui puxado para dentro.

qualquer que seja o programa quente e moderno da época (aquele "altamente recomendado" pelos "gurus" de uma só vez), o "tão caro-deve-ser-ótimo", o tão barato, não há nada - perder "e até mesmo um GRQ irresistível (realmente, soou fantástico! & # x1F622) construtores de sites. A renda nunca chegou quando o meu site estava em alta. WordPress, GoDaddy, Yola, 1 e 1, Wix, o nome dele! Mesma história.

De alguma forma, eu comprei em todos eles. Eu não posso explicar isso. Tudo o que eu consegui foi confuso. Então eu passei pela SBI! novamente. Desta vez entendi porque um site não é um negócio.

Uma vez que comecei a SBI !, levei apenas alguns dias para perceber que era isso! Você pode sentir a diferença. É sólido. Faz sentido. Eu sei o que estou fazendo e por quê.

Então, por que demorei tanto tempo para perceber que o SiteSell significava cada palavra em seu site? Por que eu não salvei 2 anos e meio e "apenas tente", como eles dizem? Nenhuma idéia.

Mas estou aqui agora! & # X1F4AA.

Isso costumava nos deixar loucos.

É ruim para você. Na melhor das hipóteses, você perde muito tempo. Na pior das hipóteses, você pode desistir de toda a idéia de construir um negócio online.

E é ruim para nós pelas mesmas razões. Se você tem BAM, adoraríamos ver você prosperar.

Alguns nos encontram e compram nossa mensagem imediatamente. Eles "entendem" e experimentam, e a maioria adora isso. Não é certo para alguém, nós reembolsamos prontamente.

Principalmente, porém, a "duração da compra" ainda é uma estrada descontroladamente longa e sinuosa. Eu explico aqui na esperança de que você.

Orgulhoso de ser chato.

Nossa promessa é que, se você se concentrar e trabalhar no SBI !, sua chance de (e seu nível de) sucesso está muito acima de qualquer outra coisa.

Mandrilamento & mdash; mas é verdade. Enquanto isso, existem 3 tipos de ruído que o levarão para aquela estrada longa e sinuosa.

1) Muitos são enganados por "Get Rich Quick". The sales copy is fiendishly brilliant, convincing you that "this is different." Não é. You end up disillusioned that "it's all a scam."

2) A recent variation features nationally advertised products that promise "it's easy" (e. g., Wix) . The money does not come rolling in. This is more serious than the "GRQ operators" because major companies have never made this type of promise. You are, therefore, more likely to give up on the whole thing before even trying SBI!.

New for WordPress users! We started SBI! for WP for this reason. WP is excellent, versatile sitebuilder/blogging software. You can now use SBI! with WordPress to generate the same high success rates that SBI! users achieve. Try it for free today.

Others are misled by malicious "Site Build It! scam" and fake negative-review campaigns that are orchestrated by the unscrupulous with their own agendas.

Our 20 year history of success breeds, by its very longevity, ideas about SBI! that are incorrect. No maliciousness intended, they're wrong or 10 years out-of-date. See Urban Myths .

On the other hand, unscrupulous affiliates have switched allegiance due to higher payouts from Web hosts. Great SBI! reviews turned mediocre for the dollar, not for your best interest.

And sadly, some folks are downright malicious. We are protective of the quality and atmosphere in the Forums. So we "fire" those folks who insist on trolling (causing fights), despite our polite requests followed by warnings. Unfortunately, once fired, these are also the type who must get in the last (nasty) word.

The malicious have banded together to spread lies and disinformation online. Debate brings a swarm of flames, so we issued an official reply page . We invite them to reply there. They have chosen not to.

How to Figure It Out Fast!

Here's how to straighten out the long and winding road.

Cut to the Chase!

Take a simple, fool-proof, logical shortcut. If you're ready to make it happen, cut out all the "noise" and look at 2 facts.

Building income and equity is the bottom line that no one else proves. The results of the free trial are your opinion. And that is the only evaluation that matters!

What's the worst that can happen? You will learn a lot, for free.

So ignore the noise. Just get started.🚀.

Dig Deeper.

No other company takes as much time to document its product. Digging into our site will also save you time (compared to making the wrong choice) if that's your preferred route.

Understand how the 1) powerful process, the 2) uniquely complete set of tools, the 3) world's best set of forums and our 4) constant "keeping-up-to-date" (so you don't have to), all mesh-as-one to deliver success that nothing else, no product or company, even approaches.

Don't miss key pages such as this explanation of Content 2.0, which leapfrogs SBI! beyond blogging.

Take 30 minutes to watch this video tour that shows you exactly what SBI! does, and how and why it works.

Continue reading the rest of this page (below). Consume even more information on SBI! here and then explore the parts of the SiteSell sitemap that are relevant to you.

It's a lot of research. But everything you need is on this site. Your future business is worth the patient investment of time.

But I recommend taking the risk-free trial now. It gets you started while you continue to decide ("hands-on research").

Wishing you the success you deserve on your journey ,

Founder, SiteSell Inc.

The Bottom Line?

SBI! just flat-out works. You now know enough to get started.

Have doubts? The best way to eliminate doubt and procrastination is to just try it (risk-free!).

Naturally, most people won't try it. But if you have read this far, you're not like "most people." You still have some doubt, of course. To eliminate that, it's way faster to try it for yourself than read forever and gets swallowed up by the noise.

There are only 2 possible outcomes of getting started.

You may find that SBI! is not how you want to do business. Thats OK — we'll refund and thank you immediately. Or (more likely). You discover that SBI! is the "where have you been all my life?" product. If so, you are about to embark upon a life-changing fork in the road of your life. We're honored to do it with you.

Pronto? Get started, right now, totally risk-free.

If SBI! is not for you, just cancel and refund, no reason needed. .

Strong upside. No downside.

All you have to do is.

Take that first step.

You Really Got This Far?

If you got this far, you can stop now and just get started with SBI!. Seriously, few dig this deep. Those who do are the type of thorough, process-oriented, not-afraid-to-work folks who excel with SBI!. But if you insist. 😃.

Here we go with a few tidbits. We present the first one again just in case you haven't seen the Video Tour yet.

If you have not already watched the 🎥 SBI! Video Tour 🎥, please click here.

The SBI! Video Tour explains everything about how SBI! builds businesses.

This page covers assorted topics that didn't really fit anywhere else!

What Is the Significance of "Top 1%"?

Most importantly, they become profitable businesses .

Update 2016: As time passes, SBI! sites have improved from Top 3% to Top 1% to Top 0.5% of the most highly trafficked sites. However, a new and ongoing study took a different approach than our earlier one .

We recently did a complex study searching for high-traffic solopreneurs. SBI! excelled, contributing at a rate that was 100 times greater than average.

Sad conclusion: Given that solopreneur sites make up the majority of the 170 million active sites, the odds of attaining true success are remote. The "make money"/"how to" and sitebuilder/hosting industries surely make more money than the tens of millions of solopreneurs who are trying.

Since traffic is the root of all income (try monetizing without it!), it's one more reason why we can say that SBI! builds profitable businesses at rates and levels of success that far exceed anything else .

Everything You Need to Succeed. Nothing Less Will Do.

It takes quite an "ensemble" to make a product that can deliver on the incredible challenge of enabling solopreneurs to build profitable online businesses. Only SBI! provides.

a natural, powerful process all the tools necessary to execute the process comprehensive business-building support and help. 24x7, friendly and fast SiteSell Tech Support the unmatchable SBI! Forums — where thousands of like-minded and positive people gather to "help and be helped," the world's most constructive small business meeting place constant updating of. the process (e. g., how to use "visual blockades" to monetize your social accounts, staying on top of high rankings at Google, how to use "personal-social" to grow your business) what's new (we track hundreds of Internet marketing/small e-business feeds and newsletters and boil all that noise down to the occasional key nugget you need). Nothing stays the same online. SBI!'s unique C T P M process evolves with the Web, keeping you ahead of the crowd. frequent automatic upgrading of SBI's process and the SBI! tools (no need to do your own upgrades, plugins, etc.). e. g., " Socialize It! " — SBI! evolves to progressively socialize your business in a way that makes the best use of your limited time. Right steps, at the right time. e. g., " Priority Build It! " lets you tell Google which pages are more important, speaking of which.

The most amazing part is that you don't do a thing. Upgrades, updates, improvements. they all come to you automatically. It all works together — nothing breaks with an upgrade. And it's all for free.

Only SBI! delivers "Process, Tools, Updating and Total Help/Support." How do you know it works?

No other service or software proves success.

Does "Business on the Web" Seem Like.

One Big, Un beatable Mystery?

Many SBIers started with the same feeling, with zero-knowledge. SBI! breaks it down, step-by-step. SBI! is perfect for.

those without any e-business or Internet-marketing experience. the "savvy-but-yet-to-succeed." SBI! corrects bad habits and refocuses on "build a business," keeping you on the straight and narrow to serious, long-term goals.

Forks in the Head.

Many "savvy-but-yet-to-succeed" marketers have learned much over several years. But nearly everyone takes at least 1 of the 5 most common wrong forks in the road, costing time and money (and headaches!).

If you are new to online business-building, this section can save you a fork (or 2) in the head. If you're a "veteran," reading this may help you dislodge them.

SBI! vs. Everything Else.

Take a Moment and "Experience" Regular Hosting.

Visualize yourself in an impersonal place where you get cheap hosting ($100 per year), a domain name ($10 per year) and software (a sitebuilder or WordPress) to build a site or blog. You don't know it yet, but you won't get many visitors because.

no one guides you through the proper process no one helps you avoid the land mines, and you lack the right tools to actually build a business.

handle all kinds of technical aspects find and pay for your own business-building software tools (which ones, where, how?) figure out all the conflicting advice from all the "gurus" avoid the siren call of the sales pitches from so many gurus for an endless number of tools, some good-but-expensive, most poor, and some actually harmful keep up with all the fast-changing developments in the e-business world.

And that's not the half of it. It can be paralyzing.

Now Take a Moment and "Experience" SBI!

SBI! activates and motivates . No paralysis here! SBI! does it all for you so you focus on what moves you ahead . building your business.

You are not a number. We care about your success. Your success is our business.

We pave the road for you, removing all the obstacles.

Follow a natural, powerful process. Use the tools (they are all included) to execute the process. No need to "keep up" — SBI! does it for you! Get 24 x 7 help and business-building support, simply the best.

Focus on building your e-business. Período.

Here's the Whole Story.

Stack the odds in your favor!

Build a business with both substantial income and.

genuine equity (real value if/when you sell your business).

SBI! is so much more than a website or blog.

Build more than a site. Heck, build more than a business!

Build your personal and family's freedom and independence.

We know it's hard to believe — so many companies over - promise.

So "Just Try It" totally risk-free .

You'll see that SBI! truly over - delivers .

Online Business Failing? Fix It or Drop It!

The statistics on solopreneur success are dismal. SBI! increases your chances of success by more than 100x!

The biggest dilemma of the failing solopreneur is figuring out whether to give up or not . No one wants to quit too soon. And no one wants to spend good time after bad. It's a tough problem. Here is the perfect solution.

Use SBI!. Start from the very beginning of the process. "Pretend" to start over. Follow our "Action Guide" and use the tools to the 5th of 10 steps . You will be sure of which road to take.

🚫 Flawless research with objective tools uncovers fundamental errors that are either not fixable , or not worth fixing . This is almost always due to inadequate upfront preparation and research. Start over, this time using SBI!.

✅ You find fixable problems with your online business. Work your way through the rest of the Action Guide, making changes as needed. Your fortunes will turn.

Auto-Updating.

The Internet changes fasssst. Most changes are not relevant to doing business online, but many bloggers are quick to comment and to recommend changes.

The noise is intense and it can cost you a lot of misspent time, and not just by trying to read it all. You can lose a ton of time when you follow poor or premature recommendations (especially if they turn out to hurt your business).

Major new developments? We are as proud of being followers (when watchful waiting is the wise course) as we are to be first-to-market when we are 100% sure that something new is both important and will "stick" (e. g., first to update our site-building software to automatically create sitemap files).

We'll provide a few more examples when you close this message, but the bottom line is this.

SBI!'s driving mission is to enable you to succeed. It starts with the perfect all-in-one process/tools/guidance/help business - building solution. Its effectiveness is multiplied by enabling you to focus 100% of your time on your business, period. In practical terms.

Process: You don't have to read the ton of new information on search, social, mobile, etc. We do that. We incorporate both the big changes and the occasional golden nugget, when we know that it will "stick."

For example, " Growth Hacking " is now integrated into the Action Guide. Use it to reduce risk when starting up and to accelerate your business growth. Tools: You never have to update a plugin. Software updates just "happen" and everything works. New tools are added, once again on an "as needed" basis, at no extra cost, nothing for you to do . Guidance: Forum answers are reviewed. Bad information is "red-inked" as being advice not to follow. We don't censor opinion, but we do let you know when we believe advice is counter-productive. We'll also provide the correct course of action if someone else does not.

In short, auto-updating delivers 100% business-focused efficiency . SBI! saves you hundreds of hours per year, time that you put into your business!

Doing it right and staying focused are why SBIers succeed way more often than other solopreneurs.

SiteSell Inc. Intellectual Property Rights.

All SiteSell websites (text, swoosh, graphics, programming and scripting) and products are copyright 1999-2018 SiteSell Inc.

SiteSell, SBI! for WP, Brainstorm It!, Make Your Site Sell!, MYSS!, Make Your Knowledge Sell! MYKS!, Make Your Price Sell!, MYPS!, Make Your Words Sell!, MYWS!, Site Build It!, Solo Build It!, SBI!, SBI! 2.0, SBI! 3.0, BlockBuilder 2, BB2, Make Your Net Auction Sell!, MYNAS!, Make Your Content PREsell!, MYCPS!, Make Your Links Work!, MYLW!, 5 Pillar Affiliate Program, SiteSell Affiliate Program, SiteSell Professionals, SiteSell Services, SBI! Coaching, and SiteSell Education are trademarks or trade names of SiteSell Inc.

Todos os direitos reservados.

SiteSell Inc. Privacy Statement.

We do not share your private personal information (e. g., name, email address, street address, and phone number) with any other organizations or individuals. We keep all such information you provide to us, no matter how or why you provide it (e. g., becoming an affiliate, ordering our products, etc.) completely confidential, and use it only for the purpose that you intended.

Only those employees with relevant business duties (e. g., support staff) may access your private personal information, and only to perform their duties. They are subject to dismissal for any privacy violation.

We never provide any such information about our subscribers, customers or affiliates to any third party, except in the unusual event should we be required to do so by law.

We use third parties like web analytics and advertising companies (e. g. Google Analytics, AdRoll) to measure conversions and collect demographic and interest information. As you browse SiteSell, these third parties may place or recognize cookies on your browser (including through the use of pixel tags and web beacons) to track how you use our website and to provide you advertising based upon your browsing activities and interests.

We do not tie the cookie to any personal information that you provide us. Your visit to SiteSell is entirely private and anonymous.

If you wish to not have this information used for the purpose of serving you interest-based ads, you may opt out by going to aboutads. info/choices/.

In addition, you can enable the so-called "Do Not Track" functionality in your browser, which is a standardized way to opt out of tracking by participating analytics services, advertising networks and social platforms. To learn how to enable "Do Not Track" in your browser, please go to donottrack. us/.

Finally, if you do not wish your data to be collected via Google Analytics, you may use their opt-out tool.

The 90 Day "Confidence of Success" Guarantee:

Try SBI! First, Make Your Final Decision Later.

No product is perfect for everyone. I only want you to use SBI! if it's right for you. You likely feel the same.

If you're like me, you tend to delay important decisions because you're not 100% sure. Have you noticed how you only truly become 100% sure after you purchase and use a product?

At SiteSell, we not only recognize this, we encourage it! We want you to take full advantage of the 90 Day Guarantee!

Use it as your free Confidence of Success trial . Purchase SBI! and make a final decision after putting it to the test.

Tente. Simply follow the Video Action Guide. Pick the perfect niche and register your domain name. Build your business with the right process and tools. Enjoy the rewards . growing profits and equity.

If you decide it's not for you, simply tell us.

We Will Refund You Immediately!

No strings. Better, actually.

No time limits on the annual subscription!

What about the monthly subscription?

There Is Literally Zero Fine Print!

No ifs, ands or buts. There is no "fine print." You can be 100% absolutely, positively sure that we will honor this guarantee .

Since 1997, SiteSell has built a rock-solid reputation of honesty, quality and service . We work with individuals of all ages ( over 30,000 customers! ), institutes of higher learning, existing businesses of all sizes, and vendors who all know that we mean every word we say .

If you ever feel that we haven't lived up to this promise and guarantee, report it to us on the Solo Build It! Facebook page in front of our hundreds of thousands of fans and happy customers.

The Bottom Line?

Try SBI! for 90 days. If it isn't right for you, let us know.

We will immediately honor your refund request , no questions asked.

Everything You Need to Build an Online Business! & mdash; SBI!

Top 1-3% Traffic Building Results.

SBI! sites work. They succeed . Top 1% to Top 3%.

They become profitable businesses.

1,000 randomly selected SBI! sites were studied. At the time, there were over 56 million sites on the Web. The total number of active sites (have content, pay for hosting and have their own domain names) is now stable at 170 million!

All statistics are according to Netcraft , a leading Internet demographic firm, and according to Alexa , the leading traffic-measurement company. Netcraft tracks the Web hosting industry intensively. Alexa is owned by Amazon and is powered by Microsoft -- it measures traffic popularity based on 10 million surfers.

As the years go by, as the number of sites grows (now over 100 million!), the natural and powerful process-and-tools of SBI! get stronger.

Each time this study is conducted, SBI! members rank higher against other sites despite the increased "competition" from far more websites.

In other words, as the Web gets more complex and competitive, SBI! enables solopreneurs, the largest segment of online business, to do significantly better than their online colleagues.

Important: We are not saying that the only way for a solopreneur to succeed is by using SBI!. People do succeed without it, obviously. But if you have the right attitude and are determined to succeed, your chances of significant success are much higher with SBI!.

The SBI! Fóruns.

SBI! members from a wide variety of countries, businesses and niches come together at the world's most constructive small-business meeting place, the private SBI! Forums . Thousands of like-minded and positive people gather to "help and be helped" at over 60 forums.

The forums cover every conceivable business-building subject. No question is too trivial or too advanced. Someone always answers at this single-best small-business resource in the world.

No nonsense, no gossip, no flames. Sheer progress. High spirits. The forums truly are.

The Place for Friendly, Business-Building Discussion.

Definition: FOMO.

Acronym for Fear Of Missing Out.

A state of mental or emotional strain caused by the fear of missing out. An omnipresent anxiety brought on by our cognitive ability to recognize potential opportunities. A form of social anxiety — a compulsive concern that one might miss an opportunity, often aroused by posts seen on social media websites.

– Urban Dictionary.

Definition: Solopreneur.

Solopreneur: An entrepreneur who works alone, "solo," running a business single-handedly. S/he might hire contractors on a project-by-project basis, but retains full responsibility for the running of the business.

– Urban Dictionary.

You are a "solopreneur" if you want to start an online business on your own.

What distinguishes solopreneurs from entrepreneurs?

Entrepreneurs typically have a grandiose vision and bigger goals. Solopreneurs value freedom, control and work-life balance.

As a solopreneur, you do not want the bother of managing people or being responsible to investors. Of course, being "solo" limits the amount of time for growing the business, which in turn limits size and income. You happily accept that tradeoff.

How does a solopreneur grow into an entrepreneur?

Strong levels of solo success may inspire visions of greater growth. That requires the addition of staff. This is an affordable option for solopreneurs who generate $60,000-$200,000+ of net income. Self-funding from cash flow eliminates the need for (and responsibility to) investors.

You still hire contractors, as needed. But now you add part - or full-time employees, in stages (as growing income allows). Even with an employee or two, you may still consider yourself to be a solopreneur.

Solopreneurs become entrepreneurs when they "snap" into a "grow a big business" mindset. Few choose to do so, but it's a viable option for the solopreneur who discovers "the entrepreneur within."

Common Forks to the Head.

A fork in the head is what you're left with after you take the wrong fork in the road. a headache. Misconceptions and lures are rampant on the Web. They present you with critical forks in the road.

Choose the wrong fork and you waste a year or more of your life and thousands of dollars. Falling for myths and lures has an even greater opportunity cost. what could have been.

The old mantra was, "All you need is cheap hosting and free sitebuilding software." Blogging has become "the new quick-cheap-easy way to fail." A site or blog is not an online business. Blogging is ideal for certain types of e-businesses. But for most, blogging is the wrong format .

Absolutamente! But not only is blogging the wrong format, "WordPress out-of-the-box" cannot build a web-based business. You need more than that. And you need all of it in one place. WordPress is the way to blog, but SBI! is the way to build an online business because it delivers "everything else."

That's why we married the two. SBI! meets WordPress and vice-versa. Check out SBI! for WP.

Many people are too impatient to build real businesses. That's why they repeatedly fall for convincing "Get Rich Quick" sales copy, always believing that "this one is different." SBI! is all about you building a profitable online business. It is not "Get Rich Quick."

Most serious small business people fall for this standard message from all major Web hosts. It is a virtual surefire recipe for failure. The illusion is irresistible, but the outcome is inevitable. Instant Gratification Slow Failure.

"Having a site" and "building a business" are not the same. If you like your site, use SBI! to build traffic to it. If you don't like it, transfer to SBI! and redo it properly from the ground up. Either way, you'll be building a business. And that's a whole lot better than just having a site.

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Applying Chaos Theory to Investment and Economics Edward Elgar - A New Financial Market Structure for East Asia Edward Thorp - The Mathematics of Gambling Edwin Jaynes - Probability Theory. The Logic of Science Edwin Lefevre - Reminiscences of a Stock Operator Elaine Scott - Stocks and Bonds. Profits and Losses. A Quick Look at Financial Markets Elliot Wave 34 Lessons Eric Shawn - Paytrading. From $2000 to $1 Million in 10 Years. or Less Eric Shkolnik - When Buy Means Sell Erich Helfert - Financial Analysis Tools and Techniques. A Guide for Managers Erik Banks - Exchange-Traded Derivatives Erol Bortucene, Cynthia Macy - The Day Trade Forex System. The Ultimate Step-by-Step Guide to Online Currency Trading Filippo Stefanini - Investment Strategies of Hedge Funds Francois-Serge Lhabitant - Handbook of Hedge Funds Frank Fabozzi - Bond Markets, Analysis and Strategies Frank Fabozzi - Market Neutral Strategies Frank Fabozzi - Short Selling. 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Risk, Performance Analysis, and Selection Gregory Morris - Candlestick Charting Explained. Times Techniques for Trading Stock and Futures Guy Cohen - The Bible of Options Strategies Guy Cohen - Volatile Markets Made Easy Guy Fraser-Sampson - Multi Asset Class Investment Strategy Halliker's Inc. - Gann Masters II Harold Bierman - Private Equity Harold Goldberg - The Power Index Method for Profitable Futures Trading Harry Schultz - Bear Market Investing Strategies Harry Shultz - Bear Market Investing Strategies Henry Clews and Victor Niederhoffer - Fifty Years in Wall Street Howard Abell - Digital Day Trading. Moving from One Winning Stock Position to the Next Hrishikesh Vinod, Derrick Reagle - Preparing for the Worst Incorporating Downside Risk in Stock Market Investments Hrishikesh Vinrod - Preparing for the Worst Igor Toshchakov - Beat The Odds In Forex J. D. Hamon - Advanced Commodity Trading Techniques J. L.Lord - One Strategy for all Markets J. L.Lord - Option Greeks for Profit J. 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How Traders Think Trade And Invest Jake Bernstein - No Bull Investing Jake Bernstein - Stock Market Strategies That Work Jake Bernstein - The Compleat Day Trader Jake Bernstein - Trade Your Way to Riches Now (Seminar) James Bittman - Trading Options as a Professional James Buckley - Simulating Continuous Fuzzy Systems James Cordier - The 7 Best Kept Secrets of Building a Winning Option Selling Portfolio James Cordier & Michael Gross - The Complete Guide to Option Selling, 2nd 2009 James Gwartney - Microeconomics Private and Public Choice James Hedges - Hedges on Hedge Funds. How to Successfully Analyze and Select an Investment James Langham - Planetary Effects on Stock Market Prices James O'Loughlin - The Real Warren Buffet, Managing Capital, Leading People James Sagner - The Real World of Finance 12 Lessons for the 21st Century Jay Fishman - Standards of Value Jay Kaeppel - The Option Trader's Guide to Probability, Volatility and Timing Jay Kaeppel - The Four Biggest Mistakes in Futures Trading Jay Kaeppel - The Option Trader's Guide To Probability, Volatility And Timing Jay Kappel - The Four Biggest Mistakes In Futures Trading Jea Yu - Guide to Electronic Trading. Day Trading Techniques of Master Guerrilla Trader Jeff Augen - The Volatility Edge In Options Trading Jeff Augen - Trading Options at Expiration-Strategies and Models for Winning the Endgame Jeff Cooper - Hit and Run Trading Jeff Cooper - Intra-Day Trading Strategies. Proven Steps to Short-Term Trading Profits Jeff Cooper - The 5 Day Momentum Method Jeff Thull - Mastering the Complex Sale - How to Compete and Win When the Stakes are High! Jeffrey Cohen - Intangible Assets Valuation and Economic Benefit Jeffrey Maurer - Rich in America. Secrets to Creating and Preserving Wealth Jefrey Katz - The Encyclopedia of Trading Strategies Jens Clever - MasterTrader Jesse Livermore - How to Trade In Stocks Jesse Livermore - How to Trade Stocks Jesse Livermore - Reminiscences of a Stock Operator Jesse Livermore - Speculator King Jesse Livermore - The Stock Market Trading Secrets of the Late (1940, scaned) Jesse Livermore - Trade Like Jim Troup - Divorcing the Dow. Using Revolutionary Market Indicators to Profit from the Stealth Boom Jocelyn Pixley - Emotions in Finance Distrust and Uncertainty in Global Markets Joe DiNapoli - The Practical Application of Fibonacci Analysis to Investment Markets Joe Ross - Electronic Trading. TNT I. 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Advanced Techniques for High-Percentage Day Trading Kenneth Friedman - Myths of the Free Market Kenneth Little - Bear-Proof Investing Kenneth Shaleen - Technical Analysis & Options Strategie Kenneth Trester - 101 Option Trading Secrets Kevin Dowd - Measuring Market Risk Kevin Kraus - Advanced Options Trading Kim Charles - Swift Trader. Perfecting the Art of Day Trading Lakhmi Jain , N. Martin - Fusion Of Neural Networks, Fuzzy Systems And Genetic Algorithms Larry Connors - Connors on Advanced Trading Strategies Larry Pesavento - Astro Cycles. 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Secrets of the COT Report Lawrence Carrel - ETFs for the Long Run Lawrence Cunningham - How to Think Like Benjamin Graham and Invest Like Warren Buffett Lawrence McMillan - Profit With Options Essential Methods For Investing Success Lawrence McMillan - Profit with Options. Essential Methods for Investing Success Lee Lowell - Get Rich with Options Legh Stevens - Essential Technical Analysis. Tools and Techniques to Spot Market Trends Leigh Stevens - Essential Technical Analysis Tools and Techniques to Spot Market Trends Leslie Masonson - All About Market Timing Leslie Masonson - All About Market Timing. The Easy Way to Get Started Leszek Rutkowski - Flixible Neuro-Fuzzy System. Structures, Learning and Performance Evaluation Lico Reis - Dictionary of Financial and Business Terms Linda Mead - Investing with Giants Tried and True Stocks That Have Sustained the Test of Time Linda Raschke - Special Report. The Advance Decline Market Buster Linda Raschke - Street Smarts. High Probability Short Term Trading Strategies Lotfi Zadeh - Fuzzy Sets and Fuzzy Information Granulation Theory Lotfi Zadeh , King-Sun Fu - Fuzzy Sets and Their Applications to Cognitive and Decision Processes Louis Mendelsohn - Forex Trading using Intermarket Analysis Louis Mendelsohn, John Murphy - Trend Forecasting with Technical Analysis Louis Rukeyser - Secrets of Great Investors (Audio Book) Ludwig Mises - The Theory of Money and Credit Magazine - Active Trader Magazine (activetradermag) Magazine - Australian Tech Analyst Assoc (ataa. au) Magazine - Currency Trader Magazine (currencytradermag) Magazine - Option Trader Magazine (optionstradermag) Magazine - Traders World Past Issue Articles on CD Malcolm Robinson - An Introduction to Direct Access Futures Trading Marek Capinski, Tomasz Zastawniak - Mathematics for Finance. An Introduction to Financial Engineering Marion Brach - Real Options in Practice Mark Boucher - Short-Term Trading Course Mark Boucher - The Hedge Fund Edge. 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The Zacks Method for Spotting Stocks Early in any Economy Money Management Strategies by John Wiley & Sons (don't know author) Moorad Choudhry - Fixed Income Securities and Derivatives Handbook Analysis and Valuation Murray Rothbard - History of Money and Banking in The United States Murray Rothbard - Making Economic Sense Murray Rothbard - The Mystery of Banking Murray Ruggiero - Cybernetic Trading Strategies Nancy Tengler - New Era Value Investing Napoleon Hill - Think and Grow Rich Nassim Taleb - Dynamic Hedging. Managing Vanilla and Exotic Options Nassim Taleb - Fooled by Randomness Natalie Jenkins - You Paid How Much for That. 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SSA and Related Techniques Noel Amenc - Portfolio Theory and Performance Analysis Noel Amenc, Veronique Le Sourd - Portfolio Theory and Performance Analysis Oic Book Various Authors - Options Essential Concepts and Trading Strategies Oliver Valez - Core Trading for a Living (pristine) Oliver Valez - Guerrilla Trading Tactics (pristine) Oliver Valez - Micro Trading for a Living (pristine) Oliver Valez - Option Trading The Pristine Way (pristine) Oliver Velez - Swing Trading Tactics (pristine) Omega Research - Trading for a Living Seminar (omegaresearch) Options Essential Concepts and Trading Strategies Options Trading Primer By Marketwise Trading School Pat Dorsey - The 5 Rules for Successful Stock Investing Patrick Brown - An Introduction to the Bond Markets Patrick Mikula - Gann's Scientific Methods Unveiled Patrick Mikula - The Best Trendline Methods of Alan Andrews & 5 New Trendline Techniques Patrick Young and Charles Sidey - Single Stock Futures Paul Collier - Accounting for Manag ers Paul McCulley - Your Financial Edge Paul Sarnoff - Jesse Livermore. 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Advice from 150 Market Masters Ping Chen, Sardar Islam - Optimal Control Models in Finance. A New Computational Approach Professor Gary Koop - Analysis of Financial Data R. J.Shook - The Winners Circle. Wallstreets Best Mutual Fund Managers Rahul Oka - The Archaeology of Trading Systems, Part 1 - Towards a New Trade Synthesis Raj Jain - Art of Computer Systems Performance Analysis Techniques Ralf Welborn, Vince Kasten - The Jericho Principle How Companies Use Strategic Collaboration to Find New Sources of Value Ralph Vince - Portfolio Management Ralph Vince - The Mathematics of Money Management. Risk Analysis Techniques for Traders Rich Swannell - Market Forecasting with the New Refined Elliott Wave Principle Pattern Recognition Sy Richard Arms - Trading with Equivolume (ArmsInsider) Richard Brandt - Capital Instincts. Life as a Entrepreneur, Financier and Athelete Richard Brealey - Fundamentals Corporate Finance Richard Ferri - Protecting Your Wealth in Good Times and Bad Richard Imperiale - The Micro Cap Investor Richard Imperiale - The Micro Cap Investor Strategies for Making Big Returns in Small Companies Richard Love - Superformance Stocks An Investment Strategy for the Individual Investor Based on the 4-Year Political Cycle Richard Schabacker - Technical Analysis and Stock Market Profits. The Real Bible of Technical Analysis Richard Smitten - Trade Like Jesse Livermore Richard Weissman - Mechanical Trading Systems. Pairing Trader Psychology with Technical Analysis Richard Welssman - Mechanical Trading Systems Richard Wiseman - Mechanical Trading Systems. Pairing Trader Psycology with Technical Analysis Richard Wyckoff - The Day Traders Bible Richard Wyckoff - The Day Trader's Bible. Or My Secrets of Day Trading in Stocks Richart Irwin - Options Essential Concepts and Trading Strategies Rob Booker - Adventures of a Currency Trader Rob Booker - Adventures of a Currency Trader A Fable about Trading, Courage, and Doing the Right Thing Rob Reider - Managing Cash Flow Rob Reider, Peter Heyler - Managing Cash Flow An Operational Focus Rober Prechter, Alfred Frost - Elliott Wave Principle Robert Aliber - Manias, Panics, and Crashes A History of Financial Crises Robert Allens - Money Power System for Making Your Real Estate Fortune Robert Balan - Elliott Wave Principle Applied to the FOREX Robert Deel - Strategic Analysis and Trading Tactics (ino) Robert Deel - The Strategic Electronic Day Trader Robert Dubil - An Arbitrage Guide to Financial Markets Robert Edwards - Technical Analysis of Stock Trends Robert Edwards & John Magee - Technical Analysis of Stock Trends Robert Edwards, John Magee - Technical Analysis of Stock Trends Robert Elliott - Mathematics of Financial Mar kets Robert Fischer - Candlesticks Fibonacci and Chart Pattern Trading Tools Robert Fischer - Fibonacci Applications and Strategies for Traders Robert Fischer, Jens Fischer - Candlesticks, Fibonacci, and Chart Pattern Trading Tools Robert Fisher - Fibonacci Applications and Strategies for Traders Robert Hagstrom - The Warren Buffett Way Robert Hahn - High Stakes Antitrust The Last Hurrah Robert Jorgensen - Individually Managed Accounts an Investor's Guide Robert Kast - Economics and Finance of Risk and of the Future Robert Krausz - Fibonacci Traders Journals, No 1-14 Robert Krausz - W. D. Gann Treasure Discovered Simple Trading Plans for Stocks & Commodities Robert Miner - High Probability Trading Strategies Robert Miner - Practical Elliott Wave Trading Strategies Robert Prechter - The Major Works of R. N. Elliott Robert Slater - Soros Unauthorized Biography Robert Ward - Options And Options Trading. A Simplified Course Ron Ianieri - Option Theory and Trading Russell Olson - The Handbook for Investment Committee Members How to Make Prudent Investments for Your Organization Ryan Jones - Money Management Ryan Jones - The Trading Game Ryan Jones - The Trading Game Playing by the Numbers to Make Millions Sam Cross - All About. The Foreign Exchange Market in the USA Scott Carney - The Harmonic Trader Selena Maranjian - The Motley Fool Money Guide Serge Lhabitant - Handbook of Hedge Funds Sharon Saltzgiver Wright - Getting Started in Bonds Shelagh Heffernan - Modern Banking Sheldon Lin - Lecture Notes in Mathematical Finance Springer Finance - The Mathematics of Arbitrage Stan Weinstein - Secrets for Profiting in Bull and Bear Markets Stan Weinstein - Stan Weinstein's Secrets For Profiting in Bull and Bear Markets Stanley Feldman - Principles of Private Firm Valuation Stephane Reverre - The Complete Arbitrage Deskbook Stephen Green - China's Stockmarket. A Guide to Its Progress, Players and Prospects Stephen Poser - Elliott Wave Theory for Short Term and Intraday Trading (ino) Steprhen Huxley, Brent Burns - Asset Dedication How to Grow Wealthy with the Next Generation of Asset Allocation Steve Mitchell - Shortcuts & Secrets to Winning the Stock Market Game (about-secrets) Steve Nison - Beyond Candlesticks New Japanese Charting Techniques Revealed Steve Nison - Japanese Candlestick Charting Techniques. A Contemporary Guide to the Ancient Investment Techniques of the Far East Steve Nison - The Candlestick Course Steven Achelis - Technical Analysis from A to Z Steven Karris - Mathematics for Business, Science, and Technology with MATLAB and Excel Steven Shreve - Stochastic Calculus and Finance Steven Stralser - MBA in a Day. What You Would Learn at the Top Tier Business Schools Stuart McCrary - Hedge Fund Course Sumner Levine - The Financial Analyst's Handbook. Only Market Timing and Technical Analysist Ted Miller - Kiplinger's Practical Guide to Your Money The Greatest Bull Market In History The Pocketbook of Economic Indicators (portfoliocrafter) Thomas Au - A Modern Approach to Graham and Dodd Investing Thomas Barton, William Shenkir, Paul Walker - Making Enterprise Risk Management Pay Off Thomas Bulkowski - Encyclopedia of Chart Patterns Thomas DeMark - DeMark on Day-Trading Options Thomas DeMark - New Market Timing Techniques Thomas DeMark - The New Science of Technical Analysis Thomas Gebert, Paul Husgen - Candlestick Charttechnik (German) Thomas Long - Owner's Handbook. New Trading Techniques Using Planetary Harmonics Thomas Lucier - How to Make Money with Real Estate Options Thomas McCafferty - Options Demystified. A Self-Teaching Guide Thomas Moore - Last Chance to Get It Right! - How to Avoid Eight Deadly Mistakes Made With Money Thomas Ryan, Chad Jacobs - Using Ivestor Relations to Maximize Equity Valuation Tim Hindle - Guide to Management Ideas Tim Ord - The Secret Science of Price and Volume Techniques for Spotting Market Trends, Hot Sectors, and the Best Stocks Toby Crabel - Day Trading with Short-Term Price Patterns and Opening Range Breakout Tom Joseph - A Mechanical Trading System Tom Joseph - Advanced Get. Applying Technical Analysis Tom Williams - The Undeclared Secrets That Drive The Stock Market Tomas Bjoerk - Arbitrage Theory in Continuous Time Tony Oz - How I Make a Living Trading Stocks Tony Plummer - Forecasting Financial Markets The Psychology of Successful Investing Tushar Chande - Beyond Technical Analysis. How to Develop and Implement a Winning Trading System Tushar Chande, Stanley Kroll - The New Technical Trader Tyler Hicks - 209 Fast Spare-Time Ways to Build Zero Cash into 7 Figures a Year in Real Estate Valluru Rao - C++ Neural Networks and Fuzzy Logic Van Tharp - Special Report on Money Management Van Tharp - Trade Your Way to Financial Freedom Vern Hayden - Getting an Investing Game Plan. Creating it, Working it, Winning it Vijay Gupta - Statistical Analysis with Excel Vladimir Daragan - How to Win the Stock Market Game. Developing Short-Term Stock Trading Strategies W. D.Gann - 45 Years in Wall Street W. D.Gann - Forecasting W. D.Gann - How to Trade, 1935 W. D.Gann - Master Calculator for Time Periods, 1955 W. D.Gann - Master Charts W. D.Gann - Master Forecasting Method and Unpublished Stock Market Forecasting Courses W. D.Gann - Method for Forecasting the Stock Market W. D.Gann - New Stock Trend Detector W. D.Gann - Original Charting, 1936 W. D.Gann - Scientific Stock Forecasting W. D.Gann - Speculation a Profitable Profession. A Course of Instructions on Stocks. Volume 1 W. D.Gann - The Basis of My Forecasting Method W. D.Gann - The Magic Word W. D.Gann - Truth of the Stock Tape Wall Street Courier - The eBook of Technical Market Indicators Walles Wilder - The Delta Phenomenon or the Hidden Order in All Markets Walter Banks - Fuzzy Logic in Embedded Microcomputers and Control Systems Walter Bressert - Timing is Everything. The Cycle Trading Pattern Manual Warren Boroson - Pick Stocks Like Warren Buffett Warren Boroson - Pick Stocks Like Warren Buffett Warren Ruppel - Governmental Accounting Made Easy Welles Wilder - The Delta Phenomenon or The Hidden Order in All Markets Werner Rosenberger - Risk-adjusted Lending Conditions An Option Pricing Approach William Blau - Momentum, Direction and Divergence William Bronchick - Financing Secrets of a Millionaire Real Estate Investor William Eng - The Day Trader's Manual. Theory, Art, and Science of Profitable Short-Term Investing William Gallacher - The Options Edge. Winning the Volatility Game with Options on Futures William Mclaren - Gann Made Easy William O'Neil - How to Make Money in Stocks. A Wining System in Good Times or Bad William Rini - Mathematics of the Securities Industry William Webster - Accounting for Managers Wojciech Gryc - Neural Network Predictions of Stock Price Fluctuations Yale Hirsch, Jeffrey Hirsch - Stock Traders Almanac 2005 Yen Yee Chong - Investment Risk Management Zoran Kolundzic - E-mini Trading Course Trading Video Adam Hewison - The Secrets of Profitable Trading with MarketClub Alan Farley - Targeting Profitable Entry & Exit Points Andy Green - Practical Tools to Enhance Your Trading Decisions Angelo Namrevo - The Simple Trading System Bill Kaiser - Successful Online S&P Day Trading Bill Williams - Chaos. The New Map for Traders Bill Williams - The Practical Fractal Charles LeBeau - A New Look at Exit Strategies Chris Manning - Proven Chart Patterns. Key Indicators for Success in Today's Markets Curtis Arnold - Using Pattern Probability to Trade with the Trend David Lerman - Exploiting Volatily. Mastering Equity and Index Options David Nassar - Day Trading Smart David Nassar - Foundational Analysis. Selecting Winning Stock David Stendahl - Effective Methods for Evaluating Trading Systems David Stendahl - The Systematic Trader. Maximizing Trading Systems & Money Management Delta Society - Delta Video Workshop (Video 508 MB) (deltasociety) Dennis Minogue - How to Build Fortune. Trading Stock Index Futures Deron Wagner - Sector Trading Strategies. Turning Steady Profits Even In Stubborn Markets Don Wellenreiter - Hedging Your Stock Portfolio Ed Downs - Winning Chart Patterns. 7 Patterns That Really Work Elliott Wave Educational Video Series $1199 (10 dvds, video) (elliottwave) George Dagnino - Methods to Predict, Plan for & Profit in Any Market Cycle George Fontanills - Option Spreads Made Easy Glen Ring - How to Capture Big Profits from Explosive Markets Greg Capra - Intra-Day Trading Tactics Jack Schwager - Market Wizard Insights Jack Schwager - Winning Methods of the Market Wizards Jake Bernstein - Mining for Golden Trading Opportunities James Bittman - Investing with LEAPS. What You Should Know About Long Term Investing Jeanne Long - Gann's Secret (Video 432 MB) (galacticinvestor) Jeanne Long's Galactic Trader Seminar (Video 2.78 GB) (galacticinvestor) Jeff Cooper - Intra-day Trading Strategies. 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Finding Profitable Trades Mark Douglas - Mental Toughness Martin Pring - Getting New Insights from Old Indicators Martin Pring - Technical Analysis for Short-Term Traders Marty Kearney - LEAPS Trading Strategies Mike Halloran - Option Essentials Mike Rocca - Commodities Mitch Holland - When Technicals Become Fundamental Factors Mitch Zacks - Discovering the Hot Stocks Early MTI Forex Education, $5000 (markettraders) Murray Ruggiero - Mechanising Some of the World's Classic Trading Systems Murray Ruggiero - Using Intermarket Analysis to Make Smarter Traders Peter Bain - Trade Currencies Like The Big Dogs (Video 2 Gb) Price Headley - Using Option Charts to Time Trades & Boost Profits Rob Kepler - Fixed Income Robert Prechter - Trading the Elliott Wave Indicator Ron Michaelsen - Futures Trading Superstars Ron Michaelsen - Roadmap to Riches Ron Shelton - Using Gaming Theory to Gain an Edge Roy Habben - Putting Probabilites on Your Side Roy Habben - Seven Sign Posts to Market Analysis Succe ss Roy Habben - The Michanics of Futures Trading Russ Wasendory - An Introduction to Trading Futures Online Russell Sands - I am a Turtle Russell Sands - What I Learning from the Best Trader in the World Russell Wasendorf - Futures and Options from A to Z Ryan Jones - Video 6 DVD Sheldon Knight - New Ways to Profit from Seasonal and Weekly Price Patterns Sheldon Natenberg - Mastering Option Trading Volatility Strategies Sherman McCellan - Timing the Market with Unique Indicators Steve Briese - Commitment of Traders Analysis Steve Briese, Glen Ring - Formula to a Fortune Steve Nison - Profiting From Forex (Video 2.3 Gb, Manual) Steve Poser - Elliott Wave Sunny Harris - Trading 101. Starting Your Trading Program Ted Tesser - Million Dollars Tax The Insider Code Agora Forex Trading Course (10 CD, Video 3 Gb) Tom Cronin - How to Use Spreads to Construct a Trading Roadmap Tom Dorsey - Using Point and Figure Charts to Analyze Markets Tom Grentille - Using Computerized Strategies to Trade Fut ures and Options Tony Ciccone - Option Spreads. Generating Exceptional Returns Van Tharp - Disciplined Trading. How to Trade Your Wav to Financial Freedom Van Tharp - Position Sizing Wall Street Mentors - 3 Step Investing Process, 6 DVD Walter Bressert - Identifying Tradable Cyclies Walter Bressert - Using Cycles to Sell Tops and Buy Bottoms William Dale - Foreign Exchange William McLaren - Trading the Fast Moves for Maximum Profit.

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Cursos de auto-estudo.

Below is a comprehensive list of all our self-study courses. Click on the table of contents to jump to a package, and select a course for curriculum information.

All prices are in USD and denote six (6) months of access.

Core Modules.

Advanced & Industry Modules.

Intensive Accounting Boot Camp $300.

Forget debits & credits, this is accounting for finance! Order Now Back to top.

Our three day Financial Accounting Bootcamp is specifically built as a pre-requisite for our finance, valuation, financial modeling and more complex course topics. The bootcamp is structured as an interactive discussion in which we cover definitions and terminology through examples and case studies. Oftentimes, learning and teaching accounting is associated with boring definitions; however, our approach is to tell a story, and illustrate what the numbers mean through interesting examples, not by reading slides or textbooks.

Contabilidade & amp; Financial Statements Boot Camp $300.

Ten Ways to Cook the Books.

Overview of importance of accounting, accounting as a performance metric and discussion of stakeholders involved Accrual concept of accounting, revenue recognition and matching principle Classification and construction of financial statements Comprehend the basic concepts underlying the Income Statement and Balance Sheet and their relationship Ten ways to cook the books, significance of & how to spot them from a financial point of view; how to: Overstate revenue and prematurely recognize income Distort performance measurement by including non-recurring items Manipulate and decrease expenses and distort profit Fail to recognize losses through write-offs and allowances Use LIFO/FIFO accounting methods to manipulate profits and inventories Analyze off-balance sheet items such as operating (and capital) leases to distort debt and profitability Over / under - value marketable securities to distort profitability Hide pension expenses and create phantom income Manipulate cost vs. equity accounting methods and minority interest overview Manage earnings by modifying reserve valuation estimates.

Detailed Income Statement review, including definition, significance and application of:

Revenue, COGS, Gross Profit, SG&A, Operating Income (EBIT) & EBITDA Interest Expense and Income, Pre-Tax Income, Taxes (Current & Deferred) Net Income, Shares Outstanding (Basic and Diluted), Earnings per Share.

Detailed Balance Sheet review, including definition, significance and application of:

Current Assets (Cash, Inventories, Accounts Receivables, Pre-paid Expenses), Fixed Assets (PPE), Long-Term Assets (Equity Investments) Goodwill and Intangibles Current Liabilities (Accounts Payable and Deferred Revenue) Long-Term Liabilities (Debt and Capital Leases) Minority Interest Equity (Common Stock, Additional Paid in Capital, Retained Earnings, Treasury Stock and Other Comprehensive Income) Review of working capital and understanding its impact on a business and cash flow Understand how depreciation, amortization and other non-cash expenses are accounted for and how they impact the financial statements.

Detailed Cash Flow Statement review, including definition, significance and application of:

CFO: Cash Flow from Operations (Net Income, Depreciation & Amortization, Changes in Working Capital) CFI: Cash Flow from Investing (Capital Expenditures, Acquisitions, Divestitures) CFF: Cash Flow from Financing (Dividends, Stock Issuances, Repurchases, Debt Borrowings & Paydown) Understand why the Cash Flow Statement is the "ultimate balancer and equalizer" Appreciate the information content of the Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Cash Flow Statement and their inter-relationships Analyze financial statements from a high-level context and how to spot inconsistencies on the Income Statement and Balance Sheet ("cooking the books") that cannot be hidden on the Cash Flow Statement ("cash is king"—can't hide cash or lack of cash) Understand the process by which an entity's financial activities ultimately get reflected in its financial statements.

Wrap-up & Summary.

Begin hands-on, interactive case study creating major financial statements Modify and enhance case study by interjecting ways to "cook the books" and analyzing the results Continuation, analysis and wrap-up of hands-on, interactive case study Conclusion of case study demonstrating, illustrating and highlighting all key discussion points, definitions and examples Discussion of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets; permanent vs. temporary differences and effect on effective tax rates Review of important financial and accounting ratios Compute, compare and contrast performance measures (internal liquidity ratios, asset management and efficiency metrics, profitability measures, external liquidity statistics and debt management)

Pré-requisitos:

Desire to learn accounting terminology, general business smarts and common sense Video Length / Estimated Total Course Time: 11 hours / 16 hours.

Registrar agora.

Package 1: Basic & Fundamental Concepts (Save 66%) $150.

Fundamental, pre-requisite knowledge you must master! Order Now Back to top.

Our basic concepts will allow you to learn and gain the fundamental knowledge that you must master before the advanced content. We answer all the rarely answered "WHY" questions - "why do we do this, why do we do that" – instead of answering: "well, just because" or "that's the way it's always been done," we actually clearly and easily explain the logic of why and how not just the what. Whether you are an economics or liberal arts major or a business/finance major looking to summarize the critical 30 pages in that 400 page textbook, our Basic & Fundamental course modules will quickly set the proper foundation for you to excel.

Contabilidade & amp; Financial Statement Integration $100.

Similar to the Accounting Boot Camp above, this program covers the basics of financial accounting including the major financial statements (Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Cash Flow) and the most important components of each as it relates to financial analysis. Concentration is placed on the integration of the financial statements and provides a full integrated grasp of accounting from a finance perspective.

Financial Statement Analysis.

Income Statement, Balance Sheet, Cash Flow Statement defined and importance explained Components of each major financial statement IS: Revenue and expense items, EBITDA defined and discussed BS: Assets, Liabilities, and Shareholders' Equity CF: Cash Flow from Operations, Investing Activities and Financing Understand how financial statements are inter-related Relationship between the Income Statement and Cash Flow Statement Explanation of Accrued Expenses, Receivables and Payables and how they tie together.

Key Ratios.

Overview and explanation of major financial ratios, including liquidity, asset management, debt management, profitability, and market value ratios.

Hands-On Exercise.

Interactive group project break-out to analyze, compare and contrast financial statements of various companies; discussion and recommendation of which companies are more attractive.

Pré-requisitos:

Desire to learn accounting terminology, general business smarts and common sense.

Video Length / Estimated Total Course Time:

2.5 hours / 4 hours.

Individual Course Price:

How to Analyze a 10K $100.

Overview & Análise.

What is a 10K and how is it different from an Annual Report? Major components of a 10K filing Detailed discussion on the MD&A section (Management Discussion & Analysis) Detailed discussion of all major footnotes and how to analyze and interpret major categories of footnotes: general footnotes, Balance Sheet footnotes, contingencies footnotes, Income Statement footnotes, Capital Structure footnotes, many other footnotes Brief discussion of Proxy statement and its utility Brief discussion and introduction to differences between US and International GAAP.

Hands-On Exercise.

Interactive group project break-out to analyze, compare and contrast 10K's of various companies Concentration on: revenue terminology differences, balance sheet analysis, cash flow analysis, analysis and comparison of footnotes, MD&A / segment breakdown and discussion.

Pré-requisitos:

Desire to learn finance terminology, general business smarts and common sense.

Video Length / Estimated Total Course Time:

2 hours / 3 hours.

Individual Course Price:

Finance 101: Introduction to Finance $100.

Finance 101.

Risk / Return: Calculating returns and measuring risk, benefits of diversification (systematic and unsystematic risk, total risk, market risk and firm-specific risk), security market line, capital asset pricing model, beta Time Value of Money: present and future values, net present value, internal rate of return, compounding, discounting, uneven cash flow streams, simple vs. effective rates, periodic rates, CAGR (Compound Annual Growth Rates) Basic Valuation Theories: value of any asset, dividend discount model (theory only!), Gordon growth model, growing perpetuity Cost of Capital: sources of capital, component costs, weighted average cost of capital.

Pré-requisitos:

Desire to learn finance terminology, general business smarts and common sense.

Video Length / Estimated Total Course Time:

1.5 hours / 2 hours.

Individual Course Price:

Company Profiles $50.

Company Profiles.

Summary business description and financial summary and trading analysis Stock price charts: price / volume graphs, indexed stock price history, moving averages, shares traded at various prices, forward PE history, historical EBITDA multiple valuation trends, beta and volatility, management and Board of Directors biographies, ownership analysis.

Pré-requisitos:

Desire to learn finance terminology, general business smarts and common sense.

Video Length / Estimated Total Course Time:

1 hour / 1 hour.

Individual Course Price:

Company Overview $100.

Financial Summary.

Build a very simple financial overview exhibit by inputting historical results, analyst estimates and basic projections.

Estatísticas de Negociação.

Build trading statistics exhibit displaying standard market valuation multiples.

Pré-requisitos:

Accounting & Financial Statements Integration Finance 101: Introduction to Finance Corporate Valuation Methodologies Prior experience with Excel, decent ability to type and follow instructions.

Video Length / Estimated Total Course Time:

1.5 hours / 2 hours.

Individual Course Price:

Package 2: Core Fundamental Concepts (Save 56%) $200.

Core fundamental concepts of financial modeling & avaliação. Order Now Back to top.

Our core fundamental concepts in finance involve the basic financial modeling and valuation techniques that introduce model building best practices as well as getting used to working efficiently in Excel. After understanding the basic fundamental concepts, the most important building blocks of modeling are introduced as we begin to thoroughly analyze financial statements and their implications. We introduce the underpinnings of fundamental valuation (i. e. DCF analysis) and relative valuation (comps & multiples).

Corporate Valuation Methodologies & Corporate Finance $150.

Valuation Methodologies.

How much is a company worth? Why is the current stock price not an accurate indication of value? How do you tell if a company is under-valued or over-valued? Why would one company command a higher or lower premium than its direct competitor? What is the importance between enterprise value and equity value? Why do we include minority interest and exclude capital leases? What is the relevance of capital structure and leverage on a companys value? Why and how is corporate finance so critical to managing a firm's profitability? What exactly does a multiple tell us? Learn the correct way to use P/E ratios and other multiples Why are P/E ratios misunderstood and what other profitability-related ratios are more important? What is EBITDA and why is it so important? Utilizing the correct numerator for multiples analysis Calculating implied value based on multiples analysis What is a leveraged buyout and what are the main motives for LBOs?

Case Study Discussion.

Analysis of "football field" and reference ranges Detailed discussion of the major valuation methodologies, their nuances and application in the real-world Analyzing, comparing and contrasting trading comps, deal comps and premiums paid Detailed explanation of Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) valuation, its theory and application Discussion of why the DCF is arguably one of the most important analyses while simultaneously one of the most academic and least practical of them all Review of WACC (weighted average cost of capital), CAPM (Capital Asset Pricing Model) How do you approach valuing a company with completely disparate businesses?

Hands-On Exercise.

Interactive group project break-out to analyze, compare and contrast financial statements of various companies; discussion and recommendation of which companies are more attractive.

Pré-requisitos:

Contabilidade & amp; Financial Statements Integration How to Analyze a 10K Finance 101: Introduction to Finance.

Video Length / Estimated Total Course Time:

2 hours / 2.5 hours.

Individual Course Price:

Basic Financial Modeling $150.

Income Statement Projection.

Input historical financial results and recast as necessary Calculate historical growth rates and margins which serve as the basis for your projection assumptions Calculate your projected profitability from revenue down to EPS Learn the correct way to calculate diluted shares outstanding Brief discussion and introduction to differences between U. S. and International GAAP.

Discounted Cash Flow Analysis.

How is a discounted cash flow analysis actually constructed? What is the difference between the terminal value and perpetuity growth approaches and what are the implications on value? Learn subtle nuances including the proper figure for "cash flow" in perpetuity growth models.

Pré-requisitos:

Contabilidade & amp; Financial Statements Integration Finance 101: Introduction to Finance Corporate Valuation Methodologies Company Overview.

Video Length / Estimated Total Course Time:

4 hours / 5 hours.

Individual Course Price:

Basic Valuation Techniques $150.

Calculate current trading and valuation statistics of industry competitors Project value of a company and stock based on estimated industry average valuation multiples Construct a sample DDM and DCF valuation analysis Estimate WACC, component costs of capital and CAPM and incorporate into valuation analysis.

Pré-requisitos:

Contabilidade & amp; Financial Statements Integration Finance 101: Introduction to Finance Corporate Valuation Methodologies.

Video Length / Estimated Total Course Time:

1.5 hours / 2 hours.

Individual Course Price:

Package 3: Advanced Financial Modeling (Save 50%) $600.

Build fully integrated models and detailed projection models. Order Now Back to top.

Take everything to the next level as we build upon the basic & core concepts to cover the fundamental financial modeling concepts that one must be master in order to perform the minimum financial analysis required. We will make you "super-stars" in Excel and modeling techniques by plowing deep into building robust, integrated models and properly analyzing the results of our models.

Advanced Financial Modeling - Core Model $350.

How do you project a company's Income Statement from revenues and expenses down to Net Income? What are the different methodologies to forecasting the different types of assets on the balance sheet and how do they compare and contrast with projecting liabilities? How do you project the shareholders' equity account? What is the importance of financial ratios in building the balance sheet projections? How do you approach building an integrated cash flow statement? How do you build each component of the cash flow statement and why is cash the last item to project?

Incorporate calculation and payment of dividends into your integrated financial model Emulate announced share repurchase program by estimating implied price and shares repurchased.

Balance the model using the debt schedule and debt sweep logic – the most important analysis in terms of balancing the model!! How does the cash actually flow through the model? Incorporate automatic debt payments and use cash generated to either pay down debt or build cash How does the revolver facility actually balance the model? Avoid messy nested "if" statements!! How does the balance sheet and financial statements balance by itself without the use of "plugs"? How are the financial statements integrated using the Interest schedule? What are circular references, why should they be avoided and how to get around circular references.

Accounting & Financial Statements Integration Company Overview Basic Financial Modeling Efficiency in Excel.

3.5 hours / 5 hours.

Enhancements to the Core Model - Part I $250.

Build a stand-alone depreciation schedule to better estimate working capital changes and free cash flow by depreciating existing PPE as well as new capital expenditures Credit and leverage statistics ratio analysis with automated comparisons vs. S&P rating statistics.

Model out historical change in key drivers of growth and project future detailed growth Analyze and break down growth based on publicly available data and inputs from 10K filing Incorporate and remove effect of growth from non-core items such as foreign exchange rate fluctuations Project future detailed growth assumptions that roll up into larger projection model.

Construct a discounted cash flow analysis, estimate unlevered free cash flow (free cash flow to firm) and terminal value using multiples approach and perpetuity growth approach Build reference range and football field to summarize valuation.

Accounting & Financial Statements Integration Finance 101 – Introduction to Finance Corporate Valuation Methodologies Company Overview Basic Financial Modeling Advanced Financial Modeling – Core Model Extreme efficiency in Excel.

3 hours / 4 hours.

Enhancements to the Core Model - Part II $250.

GAPP depreciation schedule is off simplistic straight-line assumption while tax write-offs allow for accelerated depreciation schedule Incorporate real-world MACRS schedule (US IRS tax code) to depreciate assets based on various property classes and recovery year Integrate with new capital expenditures assumptions by asset class Compare and contrast with GAAP depreciation Gain better precision into cash flow modeling and working capital line items.

Construct and reconcile extremely detailed Book vs. Tax Income Tax Schedule.

Combine GAAP and tax depreciation schedule into tax schedule for model's deferred tax liability Further enhance detailed tax schedule incorporating NOLs (Net Operating Losses) Incorporate limitations on NOL usage based on change of control provisions Construct detailed accelerated tax depreciation schedules based on MACRS Properly build-up detailed deferred tax assets and liabilities Balance Sheet accounts.

Understand differences among traditional DCF analysis vs Residual Income and EVA analysis Calculate equity capital charge total capital charge Use correct discount rate for each analysis Compare and contrast pros and cons and the purpose of each analysis.

Calculate equity capital charge total capital charge Use correct discount rate for each analysis Compare and contrast pros and cons and the purpose of each analysis.

Basic Financial Modeling Advanced Financial Modeling – Core Model Enhancements to the Core Model – Parte 1.

3 hours / 4 hours.

Segment Build-up & Sensitivity Modeling $350.

Model out historical change in key drivers of growth and project future detailed growth Analyze and break down growth based on publicly available data and inputs from 10K filing Incorporate and remove effect of growth from non-core items such as foreign exchange rate fluctuations Project future detailed growth assumptions that roll up into larger projection model Instead of just calculating 10% growth rate in revenue, dig into deeper layers of growth drivers For instance, for a retailer, calculate Sales / Sq Foot / Type of Store, which captures: (i) number of stores (store count growth); (ii) size of each store (expansion and size creep); (iii) profitability of each sq foot and same store comps sales (YoY sales growth)

Calculate and analyze different operating segments as reported in public filings to roll-up into IS Adjust for extraordinary items by segment based on MD&A and disclosed footnotes Extract, utilize and incorporate volume and pricing increases into operating segment performance Estimate and project future revenue and segment income and allocate for corporate overhead Estimate projected COGS and SG&A on the entire base after operating build-up.

Bridge the gap and quantify future, as-yet-unachieved growth initiatives based on concrete assumptions Analysis would roll into core "organic growth" model and sensitized Model out effects of hiring new sales representatives and the associated increased revenue Triangulate new revenue and tiered commission expenses due to renewal business Calculate incremental salary and bonus cost of new sales representatives Calculate additional cost of sales and other expenses related to new business.

Project sources of revenue based on growth in number of accounts and customers Model out revenue per account and associated commissions and expenses Incorporate rate increases into model Further enhance model via sensitivity & scenario modeling and analysis Detailed build-up consolidates into Consolidating Income Statement which feeds into model Account for inter-company eliminations in historical pro forma model and projections.

Layer sensitivity analysis on top of segment build-up to incorporate various assumptions and cases Build multiple scenarios and cases, including Base Case, Optimistic & Pessimistic Cases Toggle and sensitize profitability and cash flow of model based on various case assumptions.

Basic Financial Modeling Advanced Financial Modeling – Core Model.

4 hours / 5 hours.

Package 4: Valuation Modeling Topics (Save 61%) $350.

Integrate fundamental and relative valuation analysis. Order Now Back to top.

We dive deeper into the nuances of valuation by understanding the art (not science) of valuation. Build upon your core financial models by integrating and layering on hands-on valuation analysis. Construct standard full-blown DCF analysis, trading & deal comps analysis and summary football field. Dive real deep into the nuances of valuation by ripping apart footnotes and making subjective inputs while balancing objectivity.

Corporate Valuation Methodologies & Corporate Finance $150.

How much is a company worth? Why is the current stock price not an accurate indication of value? How do you tell if a company is under-valued or over-valued? Why would one company command a higher or lower premium than its direct competitor? What is the importance between enterprise value and equity value? Why do we include minority interest and exclude capital leases? What is the relevance of capital structure and leverage on a company's value? Why and how is corporate finance so critical to managing a firm's profitability? What exactly does a multiple tell us? Learn the correct way to use P/E ratios and other multiples Why are P/E ratios misunderstood and what other profitability-related ratios are more important? What is EBITDA and why is it so important? Utilizing the correct numerator for multiples analysis Calculating implied value based on multiples analysis What is a leveraged buyout and what are the main motives for LBOs?

Analysis of "football field" and reference ranges Detailed discussion of the major valuation methodologies, their nuances and application in the real-world Analyzing, comparing and contrasting trading comps, deal comps and premiums paid Detailed explanation of Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) valuation, its theory and application Discussion of why the DCF is arguably one of the most important analyses while simultaneously one of the most academic and least practical of them all Review of WACC (weighted average cost of capital), CAPM (Capital Asset Pricing Model) How do you approach valuing a company with completely disparate businesses?

2 hours / 2.5 hours.

Quick & Dirty Trading Comps Analysis $100.

Accounting & Financial Statements Integration Corporate Valuation Methodologies Company Overview Basic Financial Modeling.

1 hour / 1.5 hours.

Relative Valuation - Football Field $150.

Build reference range that quantifies fundamental and valuation methodologies Summarize valuation modeling techniques including: quick & dirty trading comps, reference range analysis Crystallize and appreciate the capital structure and the relationship between total enterprise value, equity value and price per share Utilize best practices to reduce average construction time from 2 hours to 30 seconds Update dynamic football field to graphically summarize valuation metrics Step-by-step 25 page graphic instruction on how to create football field from scratch.

Accounting & Financial Statements Integration Finance 101 - Introduction to Finance Corporate Valuation Methodologies Company Overview Basic Financial Modeling Quick & Dirty Trading Comps Analysis Advanced Financial Modeling - Core Model Extreme efficiency in Excel.

0.5 hours / 1 hours.

Complex Trading Comps Analysis $300.

Learn the steps required to construct a trading comps analyses and how to filter straight through to the relevant information Best practices on inputting and checking data, "Do's and Don'ts" tips, specific Income Statement and Balance Sheet reminders Calculate LTM (last twelve months) and handling projections for comparability Weighted average cost of capital analysis.

Our comps module covers just about 98% of ALL adjustments one would possibly encounter!! Learn:

Accounting & Financial Statements Integration Finance 101 – Introduction to Finance Company Profiles Corporate Valuation Methodologies Company Overview Basic Financial Modeling Quick & Dirty Trading Comps Analysis Efficiency in Excel.

4.5 hours / 6.5 hours.

Deal Comps Analysis (Precedent Transactions) $200.

Learn the steps required to construct a deal comps analyses and how to filter straight through to the relevant information Plow through the myriad of deal information such as 8K filings, 10K filings, press releases and industry databases Calculate transaction value (purchase price), premiums and multiples in past deals Uncover subtle nuances of determining correct enterprise value and avoid valuation mistakes.

Accounting & Financial Statements Integration Company Profiles Corporate Valuation Methodologies Company Overview Basic Financial Modeling Quick & Dirty Trading Comps Analysis Complex Trading Comps Analysis Efficiency in Excel.

1.5 hours / 2 hours.

Package 5: Merger Modeling Topics (Save 30%) $350.

Structuring M&A transactions and build & analyze merger models. Order Now Back to top.

Our merger modeling topics introduce critical skills required for understanding how to structure and analyze mergers & acquisitions. After modeling a company's profits / cash flow and valuing the entity, one must decide what to do with the company in the grand scheme of its strategic alternatives, including a merger or acquisition. We introduce the basics of deal structuring and implications on accretion/dilution to building more involved merger models with the complexity of complicated FASB and IFRS accounting rules.

M&A Deal Structuring $100.

Motivations for mergers and acquisitions M&A sale process and timetable Review of strategic planning & preparation of required materials Examination of the types of potential buyers Description of the due diligence process Overview of negotiation & closing processes Overview of representations and warranties.

Review of various deal considerations and deal structuring options (cash vs. stock) Common structural issues in a transaction (stock vs. asset, 338(h)(10) elections) Buyer and seller preferences for various deal structures and rationale Tax implications of transactions based on deal structure and FASB 142 goodwill amortization Brief discussion of upfront vs. deferred payments, employee retention and bonus pools.

Merger consequence analysis including accretion / dilution and financial implications of a deal Discussion of key components with financial impact on transactions Detailed explanation and analysis of line-by-line construction of accretion / dilution model Analysis of breakeven PE for both 100% stock and 100% cash considerations Contribution analysis and its relevant in the analytical process.

Accounting & Financial Statements Integration Company Profiles Corporate Valuation Methodologies.

2 hours / 2.5 hours.

Accretion Dilution Modeling $150.

Build dynamic merger consequence analysis (accretion / dilution) incorporating the following: Synergies switch, cash vs. stock sensitivity Amortization of goodwill switch (depending on purchase price allocation) Common structural issues: Stock vs asset deals and 338 (h)(10) elections Tax implications of transactions based on deal structure and FASB 142 goodwill amortization Analysis of breakeven PE for both 100% stock and 100% cash considerations Calculate pre-tax and after-tax synergies / cushion required to breakeven.

0.6 hours / 0.75 hours.

Merger Modeling Basics $200.

Build dynamic merger consequence analysis (accretion / dilution) incorporating the following: Synergies switch, cash vs. stock sensitivity Amortization of goodwill switch (depending on purchase price allocation) Common structural issues: Stock vs asset deals and 338 (h)(10) elections Tax implications of transactions based on deal structure and FASB 142 goodwill amortization Analysis of breakeven PE for both 100% stock and 100% cash considerations Calculate pre-tax and after-tax synergies / cushion required to breakeven.

Construct an "Ability to Pay" Analysis, a reverse Accretion / Dilution analysis Calculate maximum equity value and enterprise value based on cost of debt Sensitize analysis based on interest rates and pre-tax synergy assumptions.

Construct a merger model, simple combination of Income Statement for target and acquiror Project simple stand-alone Income Statement for both target and acquiror Analyze selected balance sheet figures and ratios and multiples Estimate target valuation and deal structure Calculate selected Pro Forma balance sheet items Combine target and acquiror's Income Statement and estimated synergies Calculate cash flow for debt repayments to estimate debt repayments and cash balances Compute interest expense and interest income based on paydowns Calculate accretion / dilution and credit ratios.

1.5 hours / 2.5 hours.

Intermediate/Advanced Merger Modeling $200.

Project simple stand-alone Income Statement for both target and acquiror Analyze selected balance sheet figures and ratios and multiples Estimate target valuation and deal structure.

Utilize cash from the acquiror to fund the merger, balanced with minimum cash balances Dynamically handle different percent cash and stock deal structures Incorporate target net debt refinanced / assumed Calculate and incorporate proper treatment of debt financing fees and transaction costs.

Calculate selected Pro Forma balance sheet items (full B. S. not projected) Combine target and acquiror's Income Statement Estimate various types of synergies – revenue, COGS and SG&A synergies.

Calculate cash flow for debt repayments to estimate debt repayments and cash balances Compute interest expense and interest income based on paydowns Calculate accretion / dilution and credit ratios.

Allocate purchase price among tangible book value (existing assets at cost), step-up in basis to FMV, tax deductible and non-tax deductible identifiable intangibles and goodwill Proper accounting treatment of transaction costs, tender costs and accrued interest of any refinanced debt and debt transaction financing fees Account for differences in GAAP book deductibility and tax deductibility of intangible assets Build in the ability to treat acquisitions as an asset sale for tax treatment.

Basic Financial Modeling M&A Deal Structuring Merger Modeling Basics Efficiency in Excel.

2.5 hours / 4 hours.

Package 6: Leveraged Buyout Modeling (Save 67%) $350.

Construct and sensitize LBO models and capital structure changes. Order Now Back to top.

Our LBO modeling courses introduce critical skills required for properly understanding and quantifying capital structure changes from simple share repurchases to the extreme of a leveraged buyout. The techniques and concepts learned in building proper, robust, dynamic and flexible LBO models are highly valued given the relatively difficult nature of setting up, quantifying and articulating the complex relationships and intricacies of the LBO. We clearly convey the complexities involved in understanding the deal structure, sources & uses, refinancing options, credit ratios and the all-important debt sweep.

Leveraged Buyout Overview $75.

Quick & Dirty Basic LBO Model $150.

1 hour / 1.5 hours.

Advanced LBO Modeling $300.

Basic Financial Modeling Advanced Financial Modeling – Core Model M&A Deal Structuring Merger Modeling Basics LBO Overview Quick & Dirty LBO Modeling Efficiency in Excel.

2.5 hour / 4 hours.

Technical Applications: Excel (Save 46%) $500.

Take Excel beyond and fine-tune your data analysis skills Order Now Back to top.

A financial analyst won't be spending all their time on Excel building financial models, but will be crunching a fair amount of data and creating charts, tables & presentations. From due diligence of analyzing salary rosters and client lists to industry analysis and reports to creating charts and graphs, you will live and breathe Excel, Word & PowerPoint and we will teach you all the best practices of the most important tools.

Excel 2003 → 2007/2010 Transition $25.

Excel Fundamentals for the Finance Professional.

0.5 hours / 1 hours.

Excel Fundamentals for the Finance Professional $300.

Data Manipulation: TEXT, CONCATENATE, ROUND Anchoring and locking cell references Build simple capstone financial model that encompasses efficiencies, shortcuts and sensitivity analysis Shortcuts and working with Add-ins.

3 hour / 5 hours.

Advanced Excel for Data Analysis $300.

Knowledge of Excel and fundamental concepts in finance and valuation (since data is finance oriented) Company Overview and Basic Financial Modeling.

3.5 hour / 5 hours.

Excel Charting & Graphing Techniques & PPT Integration $300.

Basic Financial Modeling Advanced Financial Modeling - Core Model M&A Deal Structuring Merger Modeling Basics LBO Overview Quick & Dirty LBO Modeling Efficiency in Excel.

3.5 hour / 5 hours.

Overview of Financial Markets + Exhibits Free.

Understand industry jargon and review certain key concepts Order Now Back to top.

In our Overview of Financial Markets, we introduce the major jargon and terminology in finance, from the sell-side to the buy-side and capital markets, from investment banking to sales & trading and research and asset management. In addition, we quantify and dig deep into specific selected topics of interest from the long-term relationship of depreciation and capital expenditures to share repurchase impacts, to cause of circular references in financial models and much more!

Overview of Financial Markets Free.

Desire to learn finance terminology, general business smarts and common sense.

Supplementary Video Exhibits Free.

Full explanation on the concepts working capital and importance of.

1 hour / 1.5 hours.

YouTube Clips Free.

Private Company Valuation (Save 50%) $500.

Learn how to model, analyze and value private companies Order Now Back to top.

Evaluation of private companies, middle market entities and those with very sparse publicly available data take a completely different approach than those of publicly traded companies. Usually, analysis of private companies requires a different approach to modeling than public entities. Instead of focusing just on corporate finance, a deeper more thorough understanding of the private company's operations is required.

Private Company Valuation $250.

Accounting & Financial Statements Integration Finance 101 Corporate Valuation Methodologies & Corporate Finance Basic Valuation Techniques.

3 hours / 4 hours.

Segment Build-up & Sensitivity Modeling $350.

Basic Financial Modeling Advanced Financial Modeling – Core Model.

4 hour / 5 hours.

Private Company Pro Forma Modeling $200.

Accounting & Financial Statements Integration Company Overview Basic Financial Modeling.

1.5 hour / 2.5 hours.

M&A Earnout Modeling $200.

Accounting & Financial Statements Integration Basic Financial Modeling M&A Deal Structuring Merger Modeling Basics Segment Build-up & Sensitivity Modeling Private Company Pro Forma Modeling.

1 hour / 1.5 hours.

Super-Complex M&A LBO Modeling (Save 37.5%) $750.

Master the intricate details of full-blown merger & LBO modeling Order Now Back to top.

Take your modeling skills to an unmatched level: build full-blown, fully-integrated, merger & LBO models that slap together the complete target + acquiror model into the extremely robust merger model. The integrated full-blown LBO model allows the target to be acquired or LBO'ed. This is among the most advanced models out there. Período. Fim da história.

Complex, Super-Advanced Merger Modeling $600.

Sensitize deal structure options, including stock & cash consideration Construct Sources & Uses of Funds including various financing scenarios and ability to refinance any existing debt and utilize existing excess cash to fund acquisition Calculate correct transaction value incorporating economic effect of management options Calculate post-transaction ownership summary Allocate purchase price among tangible book value (existing assets at cost), step-up in basis to FMV, tax deductible identifiable intangibles, non-tax deductible identifiable intangibles and goodwill Proper accounting treatment of transaction costs, tender costs and accrued interest of any refinanced debt and debt transaction financing fees Account for differences in GAAP book deductibility and tax deductibility of intangible assets Build ability to treat acquisitions as an asset sale for tax treatment Line-by-line combination of Target & Acquiror Income Statements including revenue and expense synergies and correctly depreciation and amortization of assets from purchase price allocation analysis Calculate pro forma, post-transaction EPS, accretion / dilution analyst and pre-tax synergies / cushion required to breakeven Project tax levels, incorporating permanent differences in book vs. tax deductibility of intangible assets Combine Target & Acquiror Balance Sheets and perform transaction adjustment entries to calculate pro forma opening Balance Sheet Calculate projected Balance Sheet and Cash Flow Statement of combined merged company Analyze & construct complex debt schedule to sweep through mandatory & discretionary debt payments Ability to dynamically pay down tranches of Target & Acquiror's debt and new debt raised Calculate pro forma and projected credit & leverage statistics and automatically evaluate debt ratings of merged company.

5 hours / 10 hours.

Complex LBO Modeling & LBO Model Enhancements $600.

Build standalone, fully-integrated projection model that serves as the core model for the LBO model and to check final LBO model against status quo, no transaction scenario. Mirrors our Advanced Financial Modeling – Core Model course.

Layer LBO model on top by modifying core standalone projection model Build the ever-so-critical "LBO Summary" page that controls all the drivers and inputs of the LBO model: valuation metrics, maximum debt capacity, Sources and Uses of Funds Sensitize the LBO with the following options: recapitalization vs. purchase accounting, interest rate scenarios, refinancing scenarios Incorporate proper accounting treatment of expenses (debt transaction financing fees, tender costs and transactions costs) Calculate equity sources and rollover equity and financial implications Create Pro Forma capital structure and opening balance sheet incorporating transaction adjustments Calculate goodwill incorporating the FAS 141 and 142 goodwill amortization rules Toggle between various LBO scenarios and no transaction for valuation purposes.

Translate LBO summary and deal structure into Pro Forma Opening Balance Sheet Balance Sheet adjustments include: cash changes, goodwill, capitalization of expenses, debt and capital structure modifications Properly calculate and incorporate Pro Forma Shareholder's Equity treatment Cash Flow Statement modifications including updating existing share repurchase and dividends model.

Debt Sweep expansion including integrating and sweeping additional debt tranches Expand debt sweep to account for new debt issued and discretionary cash flow recapture Construct credit & leverage ratios and automate credit ratings Create IRR (internal rate of return) analysis to evaluate financial sponsor returns Complete complex LBO model with Status Quo, standalone model vs. all-out LBO toggle Introduce enhancements and complications into your LBO model to account for various transaction structures and more complex securities typically issued in an LBO transaction. Incorporate mezzanine securities with PIKs (paid-in-kind) Account for dilution due to warrants attached to preferred securities Enhance LBO model to dynamically incorporate recapitalizations (vs. full LBOs) Properly modify and significantly expand IRR analysis to include effect of enhancements.

8.5 hours / 10 hours.

Distressed Modeling (Save 25%) $750.

Evaluate, analyze, value and sensitize distressed companies Order Now Back to top.

Normally, our financial modeling & valuation courses are always prefaced with a caveat: "applies to run-rate, going concern entities, not distressed or restructuring" companies. Por quê? It's simple - the rules of engagement are completely different for distressed entities that have financial or operational difficulties. Our distressed series will teach you how to model and value distressed companies and securities undergoing restructuring or the bankruptcy process.

Distressed Investing Overview $500.

Accounting & Financial Statements Integration Corporate Valuation Methodologies Basic Financial Modeling.

2.5 hours / 4 hours.

Distressed Financial Modeling $500.

Summarize pre-petition capital structure of distressed situation & determine normalized valuation Construct standalone Income Statement project of distressed company Layer on various restructuring and turnaround scenarios Evaluate & analyze decision to restructure and understand financial implications on valuation Construct super-dynamic and flexible model to automate new vs. old cash flow capital structure.

Construct robust sensitivity analysis to determine ultimate recovery to capital structure classes Sensitize distressed model based on leverage, valuation, new pro forma capital structure Analyze what constitutes a "bad" deal and its implications for the distressed investor Understand and appreciate various financial stakeholders and inherent conflicts of interest Quantify and evaluate the importance of determining the right fulcrum security.

Distressed Investing Overview.

3 hours / 5 hours.

Bank Financial Modeling (Save 38%) $750.

Bank-specific financial modeling and analysis with bank industry primer Order Now Back to top.

Banks, similar to insurance companies, play by a different set of accounting rules in which the normal approach of building financial models don't apply (such as revenue growth, COGS and SG&A, % of revenue, BS and days outstanding working capital). When it comes to balance sheet based companies, it's a whole other world out there, so strap in and get ready! But don't worry, we'll take it easy with a detailed commercial bank industry primer and overview to familiarize ourselves with the new terminology and then tee you up methodically before diving into the complex stuff.

Bank Industry Primer $250.

Accounting & Financial Statements Integration Corporate Valuation Methodologies Basic Financial Modeling.

2.5 hours / 4 hours.

Basic Bank Financial Modeling $250.

Bank Industry Primer.

2 hour / 3 hours.

Intermediate Bank Financial Modeling $250.

Bank Industry Primer Basic Bank Financial Modeling.

2 hour / 3 hours.

Advanced Bank Financial Modeling $750.

Basic Financial Modeling Advanced Financial Modeling – Core Model M&A Deal Structuring Merger Modeling Basics LBO Overview Quick & Dirty LBO Modeling Efficiency in Excel.

5 hour / 9 hours.

Insurance Financial Modeling (Save 25%) $750.

Insurance-specific financial modeling and analysis with insurance primer Order Now Back to top.

Insurance companies, similar to banks, play by a different set of accounting rules in which the normal approach of building financial models don't apply (such as revenue growth, COGS and SG&A, % of revenue, BS and days outstanding working capital). When it comes to balance sheet based companies, it's a whole other world out there, so strap in and get ready! But don't worry, we'll take it easy with a detailed insurance industry primer and overview to familiarize ourselves with the new terminology and then tee you up methodically before diving into the complex stuff.

Insurance Industry Primer $250.

IS: Premiums: Direct vs Ceded vs. Net and Written vs. Earned vs. UEPR IS: Losses Incurred and LAE Incurred (ALAE vs ULAE) and Commissions vs. DAC Statutory vs GAAP Net Income – main differences BS Assets: Premiums Receivable, Reinsurance Recoverable, Prepaid Reinsurance Premiums BS Liabilities: Loss & LAE Reserve, Unearned Premium Reserve Valuation Parameters: key insurance multiples (PE, Book Value, Premium/Surplus)

Accounting & Financial Statements Integration Corporate Valuation Methodologies Basic Financial Modeling.

2.5 hours / 4 hours.

Basic Insurance Company Financial Modeling $250.

Accounting & Financial Statements Integration Corporate Valuation Methodologies Basic Financial Modeling Insurance Industry Primer.

1.5 hours / 3 hours.

Advanced Insurance Company Financial Modeling $750.

Accounting & Financial Statements Integration Corporate Valuation Methodologies Basic Financial Modeling Insurance Industry Primer Basic Insurance Company Financial Modeling.

5 hours / 9 hours.

Real Estate Development Modeling (Save 40%) $300.

Property specific modeling for master plan & hotel development Order Now Back to top.

Real estate takes a different twist from traditional companies in that it doesn't sell or produce any goods. As such, the process of building up the P&L requires a different logic. From quantifying the costs of a development project to the revenue build-up, we explore a master plan for community and condo development to a commercial hotel project.

Real Estate Development - Master Plan $250.

Accounting & Financial Statements Integration Corporate Valuation Methodologies Basic Financial Modeling.

2 hours / 3 hours.

Hotel Development $250.

Accounting & Financial Statements Integration Corporate Valuation Methodologies Basic Financial Modeling.

1.5 hours / 2 hours.

REIT Financial Modeling $750.

Real Estate Investment Trust financial projection modeling Order Now Back to top.

Real Estate Investment Trusts take a different life of their own by aggregating all the real estate investments and development projects the REIT manages and owns. The individual line items per property are not as relevant as everything in totality. The process of quantifying construction-in-progress, acquisitions and new development starts on the overall REIT entity to arrive at a solid set of projections is the goal in our REIT module.

REIT Financial Modeling (Model Only) $750.

Our REIT Model is not yet available in our streaming-video online format; however, we do make it available for purchase. The REIT Model starts at $750 USD (see below), which includes access to our Core Model online class, completed industry model and an optional half hour consultation with Hamilton Lin, CFA, our President & Founder, after you have reviewed the model. See details below:

Our REIT Model builds upon our Advanced Financial Model - Core Model online course. The "Core Model" builds the fully integrated model but is not REIT - specific (actually it uses a retail company with base-case accounting). Below are the following purchase options for our REIT-specific courses:

Model + 1 month online access to Core Model: $900.

Model + 6 month online access to Core Model: $1,000.

Optional Consultation to review model: $500 for half hour (see below)

* Model also includes any relevant industry overview slides.

The above referenced "Core Model" course is excel-based modeling. Pls see wstselfstudy/package3.html for more information. Click on video learning platform and product demo links to learn more. Note: Basic excel skills are required (and sufficient) as the Core Model course will get you up to speed on Excel shortcuts and model building best practices very quickly.

The Core Model is about a full day of work. You can break up the course however you like, based on your free time - an hour here and there, etc. Hence, we allow for different duration options based on your timing and availability. Add to that the amount of time it takes you to go thru the completed industry specific model supplied to you.

Hamilton Lin, CFA is our President and Founder. He is all over youtube (search for wall st training). He personally constructed the industry specific models. The consultation would be done via conference call at a mutually convenient time to be arranged after completion of the Core Model online course and going through the industry specific model.

5 hours / 7 hours.

Buy-Side Series $250.

Think like a hedge fund manager & buy-side professional Order Now Back to top.

Oftentimes, the results of your quantitative, fundamental and relative valuation provides an answer and decision rule, but results in a different (and opposite) action item than the buy-side analyst. The goal of our buy-side series is to get introduced to the psyche of a hedge fund and learn how to think like a buy-side analyst. If you're a buy-side professional, you must master these fundamentals. If you're a sell-side professional, adoption of these techniques will increase the value of the presenter's ideas and result in increased and stronger buy-side relationships.

Hedge Fund: Mechanics & Applications of Long/Short HF $250.

Accounting & Financial Statements Integration Corporate Valuation Methodologies Overview of Financial Markets.

2 hours / 3 hours.

WST Self-Study Free Trial.

Take a full test drive and preview our platform, video quality and more importantly, our unique training methodology. Enjoy 24/7 access to our videos and support forums – no payment information required .

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Corporate Training Courses.

Wall St. Training's wide variety of courses build cumulatively: start from the fundamentals to build your base of knowledge and advance up to the complex topics. We treat each client separately, designing a curriculum that fits each specific group's needs.

Course Listing.

Our live, on-site training programs can cover a very wide variety of topics. Click on a category below to view a detailed curriculum.

Program Details.

1. Basic & Fundamental Concepts.

Our basic concepts will allow you to learn and gain the fundamental knowledge that you must master before the advanced content. We answer all the rarely answered "WHY" questions—"why do we do this, why do we do that"—instead of answering: "well, just because" or "that's the way it's always been done", we actually clearly and easily explain the logic of why and how not just the what. Whether you are an economics or liberal arts major or a business/finance major looking to summarize the critical 30 pages in that 400 page textbook, our Basic & Fundamental course modules will quickly set the proper foundation for you to excel.

Contabilidade & amp; Boot Camp.

Our Financial Accounting Intensive Bootcamp is specifically built as a pre-requisite for our finance, valuation, financial modeling and more complex course topics with an emphasis and focus on investment bankers. The bootcamp is structured as an interactive discussion in which we cover definitions and terminology thru examples and case studies. Oftentimes, learning and teaching accounting is associated with boring definitions; however, our approach is to tell a story, illustrate what the numbers mean through interesting examples, not by reading slides or textbooks. We stress learning through application, practice and repetition not memorization. We emphasize, hone and re-hone concepts via one large integrated case study in which the focus is not on debits/credits and t-accounts, but rather financial analysis. This is geared towards those with little to no accounting background (e. g., liberal arts majors) and is perfect as a refresher of the most important concepts for those having previously taken "Accounting 101" courses.

Ten Ways to Cook the Books.

Overview of importance of accounting, accounting as a performance metric and discussion of stakeholders involved Accrual concept of accounting, revenue recognition and matching principle Classification and construction of financial statements Comprehend the basic concepts underlying the Income Statement and Balance Sheet and their relationship Ten ways to cook the books, significance of & how to spot them from a financial point of view; how to: Overstate revenue and prematurely recognize income Distort performance measurement by including non-recurring items Manipulate and decrease expenses and distort profit Fail to recognize losses through write-offs and allowances Use LIFO/FIFO accounting methods to manipulate profits and inventories Analyze off-balance sheet items such as operating (and capital) leases to distort debt and profitability Over / under - value marketable securities to distort profitability Hide pension expenses and create phantom income Manipulate cost vs. equity accounting methods and minority interest overview Manage earnings by modifying reserve valuation estimates.

Detailed Income Statement review, including definition, significance and application of:

Revenue, COGS, Gross Profit, SG&A, Operating Income (EBIT) & EBITDA Interest Expense and Income, Pre-Tax Income, Taxes (Current & Deferred) Net Income, Shares Outstanding (Basic and Diluted), Earnings per Share.

Detailed Balance Sheet review, including definition, significance and application of:

Current Assets (Cash, Inventories, Accounts Receivables, Pre-paid Expenses), Fixed Assets (PPE), Long-Term Assets (Equity Investments) Goodwill and Intangibles Current Liabilities (Accounts Payable and Deferred Revenue) Long-Term Liabilities (Debt and Capital Leases) Minority Interest Equity (Common Stock, Additional Paid in Capital, Retained Earnings, Treasury Stock and Other Comprehensive Income) Review of working capital and understanding its impact on a business and cash flow Understand how depreciation, amortization and other non-cash expenses are accounted for and how they impact the financial statements.

Detailed Cash Flow Statement review, including definition, significance and application of:

CFO: Cash Flow from Operations (Net Income, Depreciation & Amortization, Changes in Working Capital) CFI: Cash Flow from Investing (Capital Expenditures, Acquisitions, Divestitures) CFF: Cash Flow from Financing (Dividends, Stock Issuances, Repurchases, Debt Borrowings & Paydown) Understand why the Cash Flow Statement is the "ultimate balancer and equalizer" Appreciate the information content of the Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Cash Flow Statement and their inter-relationships Analyze financial statements from a high-level context and how to spot inconsistencies on the Income Statement and Balance Sheet ("cooking the books") that cannot be hidden on the Cash Flow Statement ("cash is king"—can't hide cash or lack of cash) Understand the process by which an entity's financial activities ultimately get reflected in its financial statements.

Wrap-up & Summary.

Begin hands-on, interactive case study creating major financial statements Modify and enhance case study by interjecting ways to "cook the books" and analyzing the results Continuation, analysis and wrap-up of hands-on, interactive case study Conclusion of case study demonstrating, illustrating and highlighting all key discussion points, definitions and examples Discussion of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets; permanent vs. temporary differences and effect on effective tax rates Review of important financial and accounting ratios Compute, compare and contrast performance measures (internal liquidity ratios, asset management and efficiency metrics, profitability measures, external liquidity statistics and debt management)

Pré-requisitos:

Desire to learn accounting terminology, general business smarts and common sense Back to this topicBack to top.

Intensive Accounting for Investment Bankers.

Our Financial Accounting Intensive Bootcamp is specifically built as a pre-requisite for our finance, valuation, financial modeling and more complex course topics. The bootcamp is structured as an interactive discussion in which we cover definitions and terminology thru examples and case studies. Oftentimes, learning and teaching accounting is associated with boring definitions; however, our approach is to tell a story, illustrate what the numbers mean through interesting examples, not by reading slides or textbooks. We stress learning through application, practice and repetition not memorization. We emphasize, hone and re-hone concepts via one large integrated case study in which the focus is not on debits/credits and t-accounts, but rather financial analysis. This is geared towards those with little to no accounting background (e. g., liberal arts majors) and is perfect as a refresher of the most important concepts for those having previously taken "Accounting 101" courses.

5-Day Curriculum Overview.

Day 1 Accrual Concept of Accounting & Financial Statements Compilation Financial Statements Integration & Analysis Day 2 Financial Ratio Compilation & Analysis How to Analyze a 10K & Footnotes Day 3 Normalizing One-Time Adjustments & Restructuring Charges EPS: Basic EPS, Diluted EPS, Anti-dilution, Options, Warrants, Converts Taxes: Understanding Deferred Taxes: DTAs & DTLs Day 4 Business Combinations: Equity Accounting vs. Consolidation vs. Minority Interest Advanced M&A Purchase Accounting (FASB 141R/142 & IFRS #3) Day 5 (Optional) EXAM: Accounting Exam WST Exam review and grading.

DAY ONE: Accrual Concept of Accounting & Financial Statements Compilation.

Overview of importance of accounting, accounting as a performance measurement tool and discussion of various stakeholders involved Accrual concept of accounting, revenue recognition and matching principle Classification and construction of financial statements Comprehend the basic concepts underlying the Income Statement and Balance Sheet and the relationship Review of working capital and understanding its impact on a business and cash flow Understand how depreciation, amortization and other non-cash expenses are accounted for and how they impact the financial statements Detailed Income Statement review, including definition, significance and application of: Revenue, COGS, Gross Profit, SG&A, Operating Income (EBIT) & EBITDA Interest Expense and Income, Pre-Tax Income, Taxes (Current & Deferred) Net Income, Shares Outstanding (Basic and Diluted), Earnings per Share Detailed Balance Sheet review, including definition, significance and application of: Current Assets (Cash, Inventories, Accounts Receivables, Pre-paid Expenses) Fixed Assets (PPE), Long-Term Assets (Equity Investments) Goodwill and Intangibles Current Liabilities (Accounts Payable and Deferred Revenue) Long-Term Liabilities (Debt and Capital Leases) Minority Interest (Non-Controlling Interest) Equity (Common Stock, Additional Paid in Capital, Retained Earnings, Treasury Stock and OCI) Detailed Cash Flow Statement review, including definition, significance and application of: CFO - Cash Flow from Operations (Net Income, Depreciation & Amortization, Changes in Working Capital) CFI - Cash Flow from Investing (Capital Expenditures, Acquisitions, Divestitures) CFF - Cash Flow from Financing (Dividends, Stock Issuances and Repurchases, Change in Debt) Understand why the Cash Flow Statement is the "ultimate balancer and equalizer" Appreciate the information content of the IS/BS/CF and their inter-relationships Explanation of Accrued Expenses, Receivables and Payables and how they tie together Analyze financial statements from a high-level context and how to spot inconsistencies on the Income Statement and Balance Sheet ("cooking the books") that appear and cannot be hidden on the Cash Flow Statement ("cash is king" - can't hide cash or lack of cash) Understand the process by which an entity's financial activities ultimately get reflected in its financials Hands-on, interactive case study creating major financial statements.

DAY TWO: Financial Ratio Compilation & Analysis.

DAY TWO: How to Analyze a 10K & Footnotes.

Main components of a 10K filing and how it is different from an Annual Report What type of information can be extracted from the MD&A section Detailed discussion of all major footnotes, how to analyze and interpret footnotes Hands-on project analyzing, comparing and contrasting 10K's of various companies What is a 10K and how is it different from an Annual Report? Major components of a 10K filing Detailed discussion on the MD&A section (Management Discussion & Analysis) Detailed discussion of all major footnotes and how to analyze and interpret major categories of footnotes: General footnotes Balance Sheet footnotes Contingencies footnotes Income Statement footnotes Capital Structure footnotes Other footnotes Interactive group project break-out to analyze, compare and contrast 10K's of various companies Revenue terminology differences Interest and expense classification Balance sheet analysis Cash flow analysis Analysis and comparison of footnotes MD&A / Segment breakdown and discussion Brief discussion of Proxy statement and its utility.

DAY THREE: Normalizing One-Time Adjustments & Restructuring Charges.

Normalize financials for extraordinary items, non-recurring and restructuring charges Our adjustments module covers just about 98% of ALL adjustments one would possibly encounter!! When and when not to adjust for asset impairments and write-downs How to adjust for zero-coupon convertible securities that are simultaneously in - and out-of-the-money The effects of a LIFO / FIFO change in accounting recognition How to adjust for changes in accounting principle and discontinued operations Below - vs. above-the-line adjustments and evaluate when an item affects both, one or the other or neither How to properly account for difference in fiscal year ends Proper treatment of capital leases for adjustments, valuation and credit When to use reported GAAP Income Statement figures and when to use Pro Forma figures.

DAY THREE: Diluted Earnings per Share.

Understand nuances associated with calculation of Basic and Diluted EPS for financial projections Extremely useful for standalone financial modeling, merger consequences and accretion/dilution as well as waterfall treatment of preferred securities Basic EPS: plain vanilla calculation with and without preferred coupons/dividends Proper treatment of next layer of dilution: treasury method of options outstanding vs. exercisable Extrapolate options treatment to accounting for warrants Incorporate effects of convertible debt and how to handle anti-dilutive securities in EPS Compare and contrast effects of convertible preferred vs. convertible debt.

DAY THREE: Deferred Taxes.

Discussion of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets Compare and contrast permanent vs. temporary differences and effect on effective tax rates Understand logic and calculation of deferred tax liabilities from straight-line and accelerated depreciation Perform calculations and compare and contrast impact on Income Statement and tax liabilities on BS Comprehend and analyze the effect of Net Operating Losses (NOLs) carryback and carry-forward Run through tax implications of combining both DTA and DTL on financial statements Precursor for understanding NOL Section 382 limitations in mergers and acquisitions.

DAY FOUR: Business Combinations: Equity Accounting vs. Consolidation vs. Minority Interest.

Understand the accounting treatment for: cost vs. equity method vs. consolidation/minority interest Compare cost accounting and its similarities to cash accounting and contrast against accrual accounting Understand the IS and BS and CF entries and impact of cost accounting Articulate the goals of equity method of accounting and its stark contrast to cost accounting Understand the IS and BS and CF entries and impact of equity accounting Recognize the accrual method of accounting that equity accounting uses and its financial modeling impacts Compile Income Statement based on provided assumptions and margins for equity method.

DAY FOUR: Advanced M&A Purchase Accounting (FASB 141R/142 & IFRS #3)

Thorough discussion and review of Purchase Price Allocation rules (FASB 141R/142 and IFRS 3) Allocate purchase price among tangible book value (existing assets at cost), step-up in basis to FMV, tax deductible and non-tax deductible identifiable intangibles and goodwill Proper accounting treatment of transaction costs, tender costs and accrued interest of any refinanced debt and debt transaction financing fees Account for differences in GAAP book deductibility and tax deductibility of intangible assets Difference between asset deal vs. outright asset purchase Compare and contrast acquirors' preference to allocate purchase price to goodwill vs. other intangibles Articulate creation of deferred tax liabilities as a secondary purchase price allocation adjustment required Review basic rules as to creation of deferred taxes and differences in book vs. tax basis Goodwill as offsetting entry to balance purchase price allocation in cases of stock deals with step-ups Review goodwill impairment rules and non-tax deductibility of goodwill Understand USA's 338(h)(10) and Section 754 elections and implications on tax accounting for mergers Compare and contrast stock deal accounting treatment vs. 338(h)(10) elections.

NOLs and taxes revisited: understand how Section 382 limitations impact financial statements & projections Understand how Goodwill is created upon consolidation only and doesn't reside on specific Balance Sheets Understand exact mechanics of how Minority Interest is created & how to model out MI on financial models Back to this topicBack to top.

Accounting & Financial Statement Integration.

Similar to the Accounting Boot Camp above, this program covers the basics of financial accounting including the major financial statements (Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Cash Flow) and the most important components of each as it relates to financial analysis. Concentration is placed on the integration of the financial statements and provides a full integrated grasp of accounting from a finance perspective.

Financial Statement Analysis.

Income Statement, Balance Sheet, Cash Flow Statement defined and importance explained Components of each major financial statement IS: Revenue and expense items, EBITDA defined and discussed BS: Assets, Liabilities, and Shareholders' Equity CF: Cash Flow from Operations, Investing Activities and Financing Understand how financial statements are inter-related Relationship between the Income Statement and Cash Flow Statement Explanation of Accrued Expenses, Receivables and Payables and how they tie together.

Key Ratios.

Overview and explanation of major financial ratios, including liquidity, asset management, debt management, profitability, and market value ratios.

Hands-On Exercise.

Interactive group project break-out to analyze, compare and contrast financial statements of various companies; discussion and recommendation of which companies are more attractive.

Pré-requisitos

Desire to learn accounting terminology, general business smarts and common sense Back to this topicBack to top.

How to Analyze a 10K.

"How to Analyze a 10K" builds upon basic accounting and financial statements concepts to focus on the major components of a 10K SEC filing, including the Management Discussion & Analysis, Financial Condition and Results and how to analyze the myriad of footnotes.

Overview & Análise.

What is a 10K and how is it different from an Annual Report? Major components of a 10K filing Detailed discussion on the MD&A section (Management Discussion & Analysis) Detailed discussion of all major footnotes and how to analyze and interpret major categories of footnotes: general footnotes, Balance Sheet footnotes, contingencies footnotes, Income Statement footnotes, Capital Structure footnotes, many other footnotes Brief discussion of Proxy statement and its utility Brief discussion and introduction to differences between US and International GAAP.

Hands-On Exercise.

Interactive group project break-out to analyze, compare and contrast 10K's of various companies Concentration on: revenue terminology differences, balance sheet analysis, cash flow analysis, analysis and comparison of footnotes, MD&A / segment breakdown and discussion.

Pré-requisitos

Desire to learn finance terminology, general business smarts and common sense Back to this topicBack to top.

Introduction to Finance ("Finance 101")

Learn the basic finance concepts that are the backbone of any financial analysis. An understanding of these basic core tools is absolutely critical to mastering any Wall Street analysis. Topics covered include risk / return trade-offs, time value of money, cost of capital, Gordon growth model and basic valuation theories.

Finance 101.

Risk / Return: Calculating returns and measuring risk, benefits of diversification (systematic and unsystematic risk, total risk, market risk and firm-specific risk), security market line, capital asset pricing model, beta Time Value of Money: present and future values, net present value, internal rate of return, compounding, discounting, uneven cash flow streams, simple vs. effective rates, periodic rates, CAGR (Compound Annual Growth Rates) Basic Valuation Theories: value of any asset, dividend discount model (theory only!), Gordon growth model, growing perpetuity Cost of Capital: sources of capital, component costs, weighted average cost of capital.

Pré-requisitos

Desire to learn finance terminology, general business smarts and common sense Back to this topicBack to top.

Company profiles are the most basic overview and descriptions of a company being analyzed. Profiles supply the most basic and fundamental, yet probably the most important aspects of a company. Gain an introduction and explanation of the major components of a profile for a publicly traded company.

Company Profiles.

Summary business description and financial summary and trading analysis Stock price charts: price / volume graphs, indexed stock price history, moving averages, shares traded at various prices, forward PE history, historical EBITDA multiple valuation trends, beta and volatility, management and Board of Directors biographies, ownership analysis.

Pré-requisitos

Desire to learn finance terminology, general business smarts and common sense Back to this topicBack to top.

Build very quick financial summary and trading statistics exhibit using historical results, analyst estimates & basic assumptions in Excel. This course will allow you to understand basic structure of building an analysis in Excel and navigating through and becoming efficient in Excel.

Financial Summary.

Build a very simple financial overview exhibit by inputting historical results, analyst estimates and basic projections.

Estatísticas de Negociação.

Build trading statistics exhibit displaying standard market valuation multiples.

Pré-requisitos

Accounting & Financial Statements Integration Finance 101: Introduction to Finance Corporate Valuation Methodologies Prior experience with Excel, decent ability to type and follow instructions Back to this topicBack to top.

Overview of Financial Markets (+ Supplementary Exhibits)

Part I: Sell-Side (Investment Banking, Research)

Overview of the Sell-Side Process: Investment banking (including financial sponsors), equity research, commercial banking, sales & trading (prime brokerage, proprietary trading), role of law firms and other related areas Investment Banking: Description, revenue sources, products / services, deal process, role of professional, industry trends, buzzwords, bulge bracket vs. boutique middle market, debt capital markets, distressed / restructuring players Equity Research: Description, revenue sources, products / services, deal process, role of professional, industry trends, buzzwords.

Part II: Buy-Side (Asset Management, Private Equity, Hedge Funds)

Overview of the Buy-Side Process: Asset management (products / services, role of professional, industry trends, buzzwords, private client services, private wealth management, portfolio management ), alternatives (hedge funds, private equity, fund of funds) Asset Management: Description, revenue sources, products / services, role of professional, industry trends, buzzwords, private client services, private wealth management, portfolio management Private Equity: Description, revenue sources, products / services, deal process, role of professional, industry trends, buzzwords, leveraged buyouts (LBOs), private equity securities, return targets Hedge Funds: Description, revenue sources, products / services, deal process, role of professional, industry trends, buzzwords, hedge fund strategies.

Part III: Capital Markets (Role of Institutional Players)

Overview of the Capital Markets: Entities / institutions in the capital markets, overview of markets and exchanges, efficient market hypothesis, technical analysis Role of Institutional Players: Depository institutions, securities firms, government sponsored enterprises, investment companies, insurance companies, institutional investors, financial advisors Markets and Orders: Securities markets and exchanges, types of trade orders (market, limit, stop, stop limit, etc), buying on margin Efficient Market Hypothesis: Weak form, semi-strong form, strong form Technical Analysis: Difference between fundamental analysis and technical trading strategies, which players use which and why.

Part IV: Securities Market and Finance 101.

Overview of Securities Markets: Types of securities, and basic approaches to valuation (Finance 101) Types of Securities: Cash, stock, bonds, mutual funds, exchange traded funds (ETFs), REITs, ADRs, securitizations, derivatives, stock market indexes Finance 101: Time value of money, compound annual growth rate (CAGR), risk & return, diversification, basic valuation (value of any asset and company valuation: using multiples) and cost of capital.

Pré-requisitos

Desire to learn finance terminology, general business smarts and common sense Back to this topicBack to top.

Soft Skills: Executive Presence.

When you walk into a room, do the people around you notice? To be a successful leader, you will want to command attention and establish executive presence. Not only is it enough to make a powerful first impression–you need to follow up with substance. Are you a visionary decision maker but too passive when giving presentations? Or a talented public speaker who could use some wardrobe changes? From the tangibles of how you look and sound to the intangibles of how you come off during conversation, developing executive presence is an essential step in taking leadership to the next level. While your local Toastmasters club can help you get over your public speaking jitters, this workshop will teach you the characteristics of a strong executive presence and help identify what you can do to enhance yours in a corporate setting.

Introdução.

What are the key elements of executive presence? What is special about executive presence that extends beyond simply having good posture and charisma? Why is a baseline level of self-confidence a prerequisite to developing executive presence? What do you need to have before forming a plan to strengthen it?

Self-Expression in the Boardroom.

How do you quickly gauge your audience in both professional and social settings? How can consulting a speech coach result in an improvement of your executive voice? What are the different expressive tools you can use to be perceived as an executive? Why is the Q&A section of a presentation so vital? What are universal communication cues, and how can they be used most effectively?

The "Executive" in "Executive Presence"

How do you maintain focus and a level head during adversities or otherwise unfamiliar situations? What are the key indicators of somebody who can remain calm and collected under pressure? How do you maintain a sense of authenticity in a variety of social and professional interactions? How do you increase your leadership visibility over time?

The "Presence" in "Executive Presence"

How can personal branding supplement your executive presence? How should you reconcile your individual reputation with your executive behavior? How can you become more self-aware of your personal branding and reputation in and out of the office?

Personal Branding.

How can personal branding supplement your executive presence? How should you reconcile your individual reputation with your executive behavior? How can you become more self-aware of your personal branding and reputation in and out of the office?

Plan of Action.

What techniques can you use to evaluate yourself on your current level of executive presence? Who should you enlist in order to help you improve your performance? Back to this topicBack to top.

Soft Skills: Research Report Writing.

Performing in-depth research of an industry or company is no small feat. Writing a concise yet detailed summary of your findings is sometimes even more difficult. While you may already be familiar with the basic contents of an equity research report, it is equally important to perfect your writing style. Carefully craft your overall thesis, organize your argument into clear and concise segments, and choose your words wisely. Although there is currently no governing body dictating the proper way to format your report, you should strive to develop proficiency with both the form and function of your analysis. This is not simply a grammar class–we will cover many elements of strong, effective writing, including the use of proper syntax, diction, and argument structures.

Equity Research Overview.

What is the aim of an equity research report, and who is the intended audience? What are the key differences between industry vs. company analysis and sell-side vs. buy-side research? Why is it insufficient to proofread for only spelling, grammar, and punctuation?

Anatomy of a Report.

What information needs to be included in an equity research report? How do you employ appropriate logical argument structures to succinctly drive your thesis? In which sequences should the different segments of equity analysis be arranged? How do the length and style of the report's individual parts affect reader comprehension? Why is structure relevant to the quality of your argument – how can you use this knowledge to enhance your thesis?

Content Decisions.

How do you tailor the content of the report to your specific audience? Which assumptions or determinations are acceptable for an analyst to make? How do you elegantly balance the wide spectrum of facts and opinions in the world of financial research?

Writing Mechanics.

What are the different types of sentence formations commonly found in research reports? How can you assess the degree to which a report's vocabulary choices are appropriate? How can you determine whether certain words are unnecessary or redundant? Is there a maximum sentence length for business writing? How should you use qualifiers and hedges to reduce or strengthen your message? When should you use nominal form vs. verbal form? Active voice vs. passive voice? What are some well-known word/phrase usage issues pertinent to both general and equity research writing?

Learn By Doing.

What are some writing exercises that can strengthen concise communication and argumentation skills? What resources are available as a reference regarding best practices in grammar and style? How should you conduct the editing and rewriting process, especially among a team of multiple analysts?

Plan of Action.

What techniques can you use to evaluate yourself on your current level of executive presence? Who should you enlist in order to help you improve your performance? Back to this topicBack to top.

2. Core Fundamental Conceptss.

Our core fundamental concepts in finance involve the basic financial modeling and valuation techniques that introduce model building best practices as well as getting used to working efficiently in Excel. After understanding the basic fundamental concepts, the most important building blocks of modeling are introduced as we begin to thoroughly analyze financial statements and their implications. We start to dive into the underpinnings of fundamental valuation (i. e. DCF analysis) and relative valuation (comps & multiples).

Corporate Valuation Methodologies & Corporate Finance.

Learn how corporations are valued and the major analytical tools that are used. Go beyond academic theory to real-world methods as used by professionals; includes a crucial primer to Corporate Finance and its non-theoretical application. Apply learning objectives and goals immediately by analyzing a $6 billion+ transaction. Topics covered include: (i) how to value a company (trading comps, deal comps, DCF, LBO, break-up and asset valuation); (ii) importance of Enterprise Value, EBITDA, capital structure, leverage and WACC; (iii) analyze valuation multiples and ratios; why are PE ratios sub-optimal as a valuation metric?; (iv) practical, non-theoretical application of introduction to corporate finance.

Valuation Methodologies.

How much is a company worth? Why is the current stock price not an accurate indication of value? How do you tell if a company is under-valued or over-valued? Why would one company command a higher or lower premium than its direct competitor? What is the importance between enterprise value and equity value? Why do we include minority interest and exclude capital leases? What is the relevance of capital structure and leverage on a companys value? Why and how is corporate finance so critical to managing a firm's profitability? What exactly does a multiple tell us? Learn the correct way to use P/E ratios and other multiples Why are P/E ratios misunderstood and what other profitability-related ratios are more important? What is EBITDA and why is it so important? Utilizing the correct numerator for multiples analysis Calculating implied value based on multiples analysis What is a leveraged buyout and what are the main motives for LBOs?

Case Study Discussion.

Analysis of "football field" and reference ranges Detailed discussion of the major valuation methodologies, their nuances and application in the real-world Analyzing, comparing and contrasting trading comps, deal comps and premiums paid Detailed explanation of Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) valuation, its theory and application Discussion of why the DCF is arguably one of the most important analyses while simultaneously one of the most academic and least practical of them all Review of WACC (weighted average cost of capital), CAPM (Capital Asset Pricing Model) How do you approach valuing a company with completely disparate businesses?

Hands-On Exercise.

Interactive group project break-out to analyze, compare and contrast financial statements of various companies; discussion and recommendation of which companies are more attractive.

Pré-requisitos

Contabilidade & amp; Financial Statements Integration How to Analyze a 10K Finance 101: Introduction to Finance Back to this topicBack to top.

Basic Financial Modeling.

This course builds upon, and implements in Excel, the fundamental financial analysis and valuation topics. Create a top-down, five year income statement projection model and then construct a basic discounted cash flow analysis on top of your projection model.

Income Statement Projection.

Input historical financial results and recast as necessary Calculate historical growth rates and margins which serve as the basis for your projection assumptions Calculate your projected profitability from revenue down to EPS Learn the correct way to calculate diluted shares outstanding Brief discussion and introduction to differences between U. S. and International GAAP.

Discounted Cash Flow Analysis.

How is a discounted cash flow analysis actually constructed? What is the difference between the terminal value and perpetuity growth approaches and what are the implications on value? Learn subtle nuances including the proper figure for "cash flow" in perpetuity growth models.

Pré-requisitos

Contabilidade & amp; Financial Statements Integration Finance 101: Introduction to Finance Corporate Valuation Methodologies Company Overview Back to this topicBack to top.

Basic Valuation Techniques.

Build upon Corporate Valuation Methodologies with a short, hands-on exercise to hone in the core concepts in practice before diving into the more advanced valuation modeling topics. Translate the valuation concepts into real-life case study that demonstrates and shows the valuation principles.

Learning Objectives.

Calculate current trading and valuation statistics of industry competitors Project value of a company and stock based on estimated industry average valuation multiples Construct a sample DDM and DCF valuation analysis Estimate WACC, component costs of capital and CAPM and incorporate into valuation analysis Back to this topicBack to top.

3. Advanced Financial Modeling.

Take everything to the next level as we build upon the basic & core concepts to cover the fundamental financial modeling concepts that one must be master in order to perform the minimum financial analysis required. We will make you "super-stars" in Excel and modeling techniques as well as understand the art of valuation. We plow deep into building robust, integrated models and ripping apart footnotes and making subjective inputs and properly analyzing the results of our models.

Advanced Financial Modeling – Core Model.

Build fully integrated 5-yr financial statement projection model by projecting the Income Statement, Balance Sheet, Cash Flow Statement, the Debt Sweep to balance model and Interest Schedule to fully integrate model. This course will allow you to have a complete financial model projecting run-rate profitability which you can easily layer on valuation and merger models.

5-Year Financial Statement Projection Model.

How do you project a company's Income Statement from revenues and expenses down to Net Income? What are the different methodologies to forecasting the different types of assets on the balance sheet and how do they compare and contrast with projecting liabilities? How do you project the shareholders' equity account? What is the importance of financial ratios in building the balance sheet projections? How do you approach building an integrated cash flow statement? How do you build each component of the cash flow statement and why is cash the last item to project?

Incorporate calculation and payment of dividends into your integrated financial model Emulate announced share repurchase program by estimating implied price and shares repurchased.

Balance the model using the debt schedule and debt sweep logic – the most important analysis in terms of balancing the model!! How does the cash actually flow through the model? Incorporate automatic debt payments and use cash generated to either pay down debt or build cash How does the revolver facility actually balance the model? Avoid messy nested "if" statements!! How does the balance sheet and financial statements balance by itself without the use of "plugs"? How are the financial statements integrated using the Interest schedule? What are circular references, why should they be avoided and how to get around circular references.

Accounting & Financial Statements Integration Company Overview Basic Financial Modeling Efficiency in Excel Back to this topicBack to top.

Advanced Segment Build-up Sensitivity Modeling.

Learn how to build detailed revenue and segment build-ups into your larger financial model. Many financial projection models are based off simple revenue growth rate and expense margin assumptions, resulting in reduced precision in the projection model. This course teaches various approaches to true, bottoms-up, fundamental analysis, from both an "account-by-account" and "business segment" basis (very detailed build-up vs. division by division). The results of build-up analysis roll-up into a consolidating income statement that feeds into the Income Statement revenue items.

Detailed Business Segment Build-Up:

Model out historical change in key drivers of growth and project future detailed growth Analyze and break down growth based on publicly available data and inputs from 10K filing Incorporate and remove effect of growth from non-core items such as foreign exchange rate fluctuations Project future detailed growth assumptions that roll up into larger projection model Instead of just calculating 10% growth rate in revenue, dig into deeper layers of growth drivers For instance, for a retailer, calculate Sales / Sq Foot / Type of Store, which captures: (i) number of stores (store count growth); (ii) size of each store (expansion and size creep); (iii) profitability of each sq foot and same store comps sales (YoY sales growth)

Operating & Division Segment Build-Up:

Calculate and analyze different operating segments as reported in public filings to roll-up into IS Adjust for extraordinary items by segment based on MD&A and disclosed footnotes Extract, utilize and incorporate volume and pricing increases into operating segment performance Estimate and project future revenue and segment income and allocate for corporate overhead Estimate projected COGS and SG&A on the entire base after operating build-up.

Detailed New Business Build-Up:

Bridge the gap and quantify future, as-yet-unachieved growth initiatives based on concrete assumptions Analysis would roll into core "organic growth" model and sensitized Model out effects of hiring new sales representatives and the associated increased revenue Triangulate new revenue and tiered commission expenses due to renewal business Calculate incremental salary and bonus cost of new sales representatives Calculate additional cost of sales and other expenses related to new business.

Detailed Account by Account Build-Up:

Project sources of revenue based on growth in number of accounts and customers Model out revenue per account and associated commissions and expenses Incorporate rate increases into model Further enhance model via sensitivity & scenario modeling and analysis Detailed build-up consolidates into Consolidating Income Statement which feeds into model Account for inter-company eliminations in historical pro forma model and projections.

Sensitivity Analysis and Multiple Cases:

Layer sensitivity analysis on top of segment build-up to incorporate various assumptions and cases Build multiple scenarios and cases, including Base Case, Optimistic & Pessimistic Cases Toggle and sensitize profitability and cash flow of model based on various case assumptions.

Pré-requisitos

Basic Financial Modeling Advanced Financial Modeling – Core Model Back to this topicBack to top.

Advanced Financial & Valuation Modeling – Enhancements - Part I.

Build upon completed core model and layer on valuation analysis. Construct DCF valuation model, detailed revenue segment build-up, project more precise depreciation schedule, calculate credit & leverage statistics and ratios, construct a reference range and football field summary valuation. This Enhancements course will allow you to have a much more detailed stand-alone financial model and valuation model!

Enhancements to Core Integrated Financial Model.

Build a stand-alone depreciation schedule to better estimate working capital changes and free cash flow by depreciating existing PPE as well as new capital expenditures Credit and leverage statistics ratio analysis with automated comparisons vs. S&P rating statistics.

Detailed Business Segment Build-Up.

Model out historical change in key drivers of growth and project future detailed growth Analyze and break down growth based on publicly available data and inputs from 10K filing Incorporate and remove effect of growth from non-core items such as foreign exchange rate fluctuations Project future detailed growth assumptions that roll up into larger projection model.

Valuation Modeling.

Construct a discounted cash flow analysis, estimate unlevered free cash flow (free cash flow to firm) and terminal value using multiples approach and perpetuity growth approach Build reference range and football field to summarize valuation.

Pré-requisitos

Accounting & Financial Statements Integration Finance 101 – Introduction to Finance Corporate Valuation Methodologies Company Overview Basic Financial Modeling Advanced Financial Modeling – Core Model Extreme efficiency in Excel Back to this topicBack to top.

Advanced Financial & Valuation Modeling – Enhancements - Part II.

Further enhance core integrated financial model by building a detailed tax schedule incorporating NOLs (Net Operating Losses), Section 382 limitations on NOL usage and differences between book and tax depreciation. Dive deep into re-calculating depreciation for tax purposes based on accelerated depreciation – MACRS (Modified Accelerated Cost Recovery System) in the US. Incorporate and flow the accelerated tax depreciation into the larger tax schedule to account for differences in GAAP Pre-Tax Income and Taxable Income. Finish up with a quick Residual Income analysis and EVA (Economic Value Added) analysis, which complements our Enhancements Part I course.

Construct flexible Tax Depreciation Schedule.

GAPP depreciation schedule is off simplistic straight-line assumption while tax write-offs allow for accelerated depreciation schedule Incorporate real-world MACRS schedule (US IRS tax code) to depreciate assets based on various property classes and recovery year Integrate with new capital expenditures assumptions by asset class Compare and contrast with GAAP depreciation Gain better precision into cash flow modeling and working capital line items.

Construct and reconcile extremely detailed Book vs. Tax Income Tax Schedule.

Combine GAAP and tax depreciation schedule into tax schedule for model's deferred tax liability Further enhance detailed tax schedule incorporating NOLs (Net Operating Losses) Incorporate limitations on NOL usage based on change of control provisions Construct detailed accelerated tax depreciation schedules based on MACRS Properly build-up detailed deferred tax assets and liabilities Balance Sheet accounts Perform and analyze Residual Value and EVA analysis.

Construct a discounted cash flow analysis, estimate unlevered free cash flow (free cash flow to firm) and terminal value using multiples approach and perpetuity growth approach Build reference range and football field to summarize valuation.

Calculate equity capital charge total capital charge Use correct discount rate for each analysis Compare and contrast pros and cons and the purpose of each analysis.

Pré-requisitos

Basic Financial Modeling Advanced Financial Modeling – Core Model Enhancements to the Core Model – Part 1 Back to this topicBack to top.

Private Company Pro Forma Modeling.

Pro Forma financial statements are a tool to recast financial results in a manner that is more representative of future performance and to remove the effects of private ownership. Pro Forma financial statements have one or more assumptions or hypothetical conditions built into the data and are often used to develop core earnings capacity (quality of earnings) when the objective is to value a company for sale to a third party or for internal perpetuation. The goal is to examine a sampling of the most common types of Pro Forma adjustments most often seen when valuing closely-held entities. Similar to analyzing one-time adjustments for public companies, the adjustments can affect both revenues and expenses, increasing or decreasing either one. However, private company pro form adjustments require a much more detailed analysis of each expense line to adjust for the effects of private ownership.

How to recast financial results to be more representative of future performance and adjust for the effects of private ownership Understand the different types of adjustments required, ranging from discretionary to non-recurring to standalone corporate entity Comprehend the major types of revenue adjustments to isolate true, organic revenue base Learn the right questions to ask regarding new clients, lost clients, profit sharing agreements and more Plow through all the expense line items, focusing on SG&A expenses Apply industry-wide rules of thumbs on compensation and benefits Adjust for the impact of key officers and management's run-rate compensation level Dive in deep on operating expenses, from auto expenses/allowances to advertising/marketing, etc Adjust for taxes from a private, pass-thru entity to a standalone corporation Analyze key Balance Sheet adjustments such as midnight shareholder dividends and officer loans.

Pré-requisitos

Accounting & Financial Statements Integration Company Overview Basic Financial Modeling Back to this topicBack to top.

4. Valuation Modeling.

We dive deeper into the nuances of valuation by understanding the art (not science) of valuation. Build upon your core financial models by integrating and layering on hands-on valuation analysis. Construct standard full-blown DCF analysis, trading & deal comps analysis and summary football field. Dive real deep into the nuances of valuation by ripping apart footnotes and making subjective inputs while balancing objectivity.

Corporate Valuation Methodologies & Corporate Finance.

Learn how corporations are valued and the major analytical tools that are used. Go beyond academic theory to real-world methods as used by professionals; includes a crucial primer to Corporate Finance and its non-theoretical application. Apply learning objectives and goals immediately by analyzing a $6 billion+ transaction. Topics covered include: (i) how to value a company (trading comps, deal comps, DCF, LBO, break-up and asset valuation); (ii) importance of Enterprise Value, EBITDA, capital structure, leverage and WACC; (iii) analyze valuation multiples and ratios; why are PE ratios sub-optimal as a valuation metric?; (iv) practical, non-theoretical application of introduction to corporate finance.

Valuation Methodologies.

How much is a company worth? Why is the current stock price not an accurate indication of value? How do you tell if a company is under-valued or over-valued? Why would one company command a higher or lower premium than its direct competitor? What is the importance between enterprise value and equity value? Why do we include minority interest and exclude capital leases? What is the relevance of capital structure and leverage on a companys value? Why and how is corporate finance so critical to managing a firm's profitability? What exactly does a multiple tell us? Learn the correct way to use P/E ratios and other multiples Why are P/E ratios misunderstood and what other profitability-related ratios are more important? What is EBITDA and why is it so important? Utilizing the correct numerator for multiples analysis Calculating implied value based on multiples analysis What is a leveraged buyout and what are the main motives for LBOs?

Case Study Discussion.

Analysis of "football field" and reference ranges Detailed discussion of the major valuation methodologies, their nuances and application in the real-world Analyzing, comparing and contrasting trading comps, deal comps and premiums paid Detailed explanation of Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) valuation, its theory and application Discussion of why the DCF is arguably one of the most important analyses while simultaneously one of the most academic and least practical of them all Review of WACC (weighted average cost of capital), CAPM (Capital Asset Pricing Model) How do you approach valuing a company with completely disparate businesses?

Hands-On Exercise.

Interactive group project break-out to analyze, compare and contrast financial statements of various companies; discussion and recommendation of which companies are more attractive.

Pré-requisitos

Contabilidade & amp; Financial Statements Integration How to Analyze a 10K Finance 101: Introduction to Finance Back to this topicBack to top.

Fundamental Valuation – DCF Modeling.

Layer on complete valuation analysis including discounted cash flow analysis, quick & dirty trading comps, reference range and football field. Learn the proper way to account for options in valuation context using complex treasury method.

Learning Objectives.

Construct a "fully-loaded," complex discounted cash flow analysis the correct way with options Integrate with trading & deal comps to complete valuation analysis Build and analyze reference range and football field to summarize overall valuation metrics.

Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) Valuation Modeling.

How is a discounted cash flow analysis actually constructed? Estimate unlevered free cash flow (free cash flow to firm) Why is amortization non-tax-deductible from a tax perspective and what are the implications on value? What are different proxy methods for calculating working capital? Terminal Value estimation: what are the differences between the EBITDA multiple and perpetuity growth approaches and what are the implications on value? Learn subtle nuances including the proper figure for "cash flow" in perpetuity growth models Weighted average cost of capital (WACC) analysis that supports the DCF (estimate discount rate) Calculate from enterprise value down to equity value and ultimately down to stock price per share Learn the correct way to calculate shares outstanding using the treasury diluted method.

Quick & amp; Dirty Trading Comps.

Build a basic, quick and dirty, back-of-the-envelope trading comps analysis Construct a relative valuation analysis Input historical results and analyst projections for comparable companies (public traded competitors) Calculate current standalone market valuation multiples.

Reference Range & "Football Field" Valuation.

Build reference range that quantifies fundamental and valuation methodologies Perform valuation modeling techniques including: quick & dirty trading comps, reference range analysis Crystallize and appreciate the capital structure and the relationship between total enterprise value, equity value and price per share Utilize best practices to reduce average construction time from 2 hours to 30 seconds Build and update dynamic football field to graphically summarize valuation metrics Analyze, discuss, compare and contrast valuation results Back to this topicBack to top.

Complex Trading Comps Analysis.

Build a detailed, thorough trading comps analysis (analysis of selected publicly traded companies) and learn how to properly construct a relative valuation analysis the correct way as well as how to normalize financials for extraordinary items, non-recurring and restructuring charges. This course itself isn't terribly complex or difficult, but is very tedious, time consuming and at times frustrating as it requires a great deal of patience, attention to detail and reading comprehension. Hence, the first four letters of the title "analyst" ring true – perfection is required to get the right numbers.

Trading Comps Overview and Instruction.

Learn the steps required to construct a trading comps analyses and how to filter straight through to the relevant information Best practices on inputting and checking data, "Do's and Don'ts" tips, specific Income Statement and Balance Sheet reminders Calculate LTM (last twelve months) and handling projections for comparability Weighted average cost of capital analysis.

Complex Comps Adjustments.

Pré-requisitos

Accounting & Financial Statements Integration Finance 101 – Introduction to Finance Company Profiles Corporate Valuation Methodologies Company Overview Basic Financial Modeling Quick & Dirty Trading Comps Analysis Efficiency in Excel Back to this topicBack to top.

Deal Comps Analysis (Precedent Transactions)

Build a deal comps analysis (analysis of selected acquisitions), similar to trading comps analysis, but from an acquisition context using historical transaction data instead of current market valuation data. This course will allow you to properly construct a deal comps analysis the correct way, uncovering some of the nuances related to calculating transaction value and purchase price. This course is not a complex course and in fact, is a relative breeze compared with our Complex Trading Comps course, but builds upon the concepts in the latter course.

Deal Comps Instruction.

Learn the steps required to construct a deal comps analyses and how to filter straight through to the relevant information Plow through the myriad of deal information such as 8K filings, 10K filings, press releases and industry databases Calculate transaction value (purchase price), premiums and multiples in past deals Uncover subtle nuances of determining correct enterprise value and avoid valuation mistakes.

Pré-requisitos

Accounting & Financial Statements Integration Company Profiles Corporate Valuation Methodologies Company Overview Basic Financial Modeling Quick & Dirty Trading Comps Analysis Complex Trading Comps Analysis Efficiency in Excel Back to this topicBack to top.

Private Company Pro Forma Valuation.

This course builds upon our basic Corporate Valuation course and introduces the complex nuances associated with analyzing and valuing private companies. We dive deep into the details and concepts deeply imbedded with valuation of large publicly traded and listed companies and take it to next level by applying it to companies and regions with very sparse publicly available data. Learn nuances of adjusting for DCF valuation, WACC analysis when no data exists, how to select and adjust peer comparables when no "good comp" exists. While there is certainly no magic bullet to the tough questions and lack of information, there are techniques and best practices to get us as close as possible.

Fundamental & DCF Valuation Nuances: Detailed explanation of Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) valuation, its theory and application Discussion of why the DCF is arguably one of the most important analyses while simultaneously one of the most academic and least practical of them all Analysis of EBITDA and growth approaches to Terminal Value estimation and pros and cons of each Discussion on the correct Cash Flow starting point for Gordon Growth Rate: long-term relationship between CapEx and depreciation and the theoretical implications on DCF Computing reasonable perpetual growth rate and the nuances associated Perpetual growth rate method and applications: how to value high growth companies in which the terminal year growth has not yet reached steady state growth for perpetuity.

Pré-requisitos

Accounting & Financial Statements Integration Finance 101 Corporate Valuation Methodologies & Corporate Finance Basic Valuation Techniques Back to this topicBack to top.

Participating Preference Securities.

When investing in earlier stage companies, whether start-up, growth or mezzanine stage investing, there is a fine balance between incentivizing the newest round of investors injecting capital and providing enough returns for earlier round investors, while still motivating management to strive for mutual alignment of economic interests. Investors desire downside protection while craving equity upside. Thus, the participating preference securities evolved from a blend of common stock with equity upside & voting rights to debt with accruing interest and priority of liquidation. In this course, learn how to structure, and model out such hybrid securities commonly used in VC and earlier stage investing.

Liquidation Waterfall Modeling & Analysis.

Modeling Preferred Equity and Multiple Class Share Positions: structuring returns for each equity participant and class/series of investors Equity Assumptions: capitalization tables, pre-money vs. post-money calculations Liquidation Preference: minimum return threshold based on pre-determined multiple and accrued dividends over time → provides LIFO effect of last dollar in, first dollar out Dividends: Cash pay vs PIK; compounding vs simple; cumulative vs. non-cumulative Participation Rights: investors shall participate on equity upside based on fully diluted ownership percentage → allows investors to participate in upside valuation after liquidation preference protection Participation Caps: the crux of the analysis focuses on the capped upside of the investor and re-distribution of fully diluted ownership percentage for remaining investors → it gets complicated and that's why it's called a waterfall! Conversion: complicate the analysis by adding in a conversion option for all investors to further participate in upside → could radically change the valuation parameters based on final valuation/liquidation amount Management Options & Warrants: incorporate management options in allocation of final management proceeds → based on cashless converts using treasury method of dilution Back to this topicBack to top.

Pension Accounting for Valuation.

Pension and Other Post-Employment Benefits has had an increasing spotlight on a company's reported results and financial statements, especially given the dramatic impact on the airline and car manufacturing industries. Understand how different employer paid benefit programs, such as defined benefit pensions, manifest in and impact the firm's financial statements. Learn how and where to find benefit plan liabilities, their implications on valuation and profitability and how to analyze the information provided. This program begins with a primer on accounting and financial statements, the 10K SEC filing, a thorough review of pension accounting and terminology, the associated footnotes in a 10K filing and how to synthesize the information into a coherent analysis. Incorporate new Pension Protection Act of 2006 and SFAS 158: Accounting for Defined Benefit Plans.

Learning Objectives.

Accounting & Financial Statement Overview: IS/BS/CF, relationships and ratios Analyze a 10K: MD&A Overview, selected relevant benefit plan footnotes Pension Accounting Review: Overview from financial analysis perspective and implications Hands-On Exercise: Accounting ratios/implications & Pension footnote analysis.

Accounting & Financial Statement Overview.

Comprehensive financial statement review of Income Statement, Balance Sheet & Cash Flow Statement Understand how financial statements are inter-related to each other and the intricate relationships Overview and explanation of major financial ratios, including: liquidity, asset management, debt management, profitability, and market value ratios.

10K SEC Filing and Benefit Footnotes:

Brief discussion of 10K SEC filing and the importance of benefits footnotes disclosed Understand MD&A and risk factors and how they are tied to profitability and benefits expenditures Detailed analysis of various Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit footnotes & their implications.

Pension Terminology & Accounting:

Learn pension-specific accounting terminology in the context of financial analysis Thorough review of pension expense factors and assumptions as well as impact to profitability Assess projected benefit obligation, change in retirement plan assets, funded status of plan Brief overview, discussion and implications of SFAS 158: Accounting for Defined Benefit Plans Brief overview, discussion and implications of Pension Protection Act of 2006 Summary impact of pension disclosures on valuation and total enterprise value.

Hands-On Exercise / Case Study:

Interactive, hands-on group project break-out to analyze financial statements selected company Analyze and interpret actual 10K SEC filing footnotes on pensions and OPEB. incorporate into financials of selected company and compare and contrast financial implications Back to this topicBack to top.

5. Merger Modeling.

Our merger modeling topics introduce critical skills required for understanding how to structure and analyze mergers & acquisitions. After modeling a company's profits / cash flow and valuing the entity, one must decide what to do with the company in the grand scheme of its strategic alternatives, including a merger or acquisition. We introduce the basics of deal structuring and implications on accretion/dilution to building more involved merger models with the complexity of complicated FASB and IFRS accounting rules.

M&A Deal Structuring.

The goals of this course include: (i) understand the major steps and timelines of M&A; (ii) learn how to structure an M&A deal; (iii) explore common deal structures and determine optimal deal structures such as cash vs. stock consideration, stock vs. asset deals; and (iv) accretion / dilution and breakeven analysis. This course provides the fundamental knowledge required to understand, analyze and structure mergers & acquisitions. To hone the concepts learned in this module, be sure to follow-up with our hands-on, Excel-based Merger Modeling Basics course.

Mergers & Acquisitions Overview.

Motivations for mergers and acquisitions M&A sale process and timetable Review of strategic planning & preparation of required materials Examination of the types of potential buyers Description of the due diligence process Overview of negotiation & closing processes Overview of representations and warranties.

M&A Deal Structuring.

Review of various deal considerations and deal structuring options (cash vs. stock) Common structural issues in a transaction (stock vs. asset, 338(h)(10) elections) Buyer and seller preferences for various deal structures and rationale Tax implications of transactions based on deal structure and FASB 142 goodwill amortization Brief discussion of upfront vs. deferred payments, employee retention and bonus pools.

Accretion Dilution Analysis.

Merger consequence analysis including accretion / dilution and financial implications of a deal Discussion of key components with financial impact on transactions Detailed explanation and analysis of line-by-line construction of accretion / dilution model Analysis of breakeven PE for both 100% stock and 100% cash considerations Contribution analysis and its relevant in the analytical process.

Pré-requisitos

Accounting & Financial Statements Integration Company Profiles Corporate Valuation Methodologies Back to this topicBack to top.

Merger Modeling Basics.

This merger modeling course builds on top of our M&A Deal Structuring course in which you will build an accretion / dilution analysis, a generic "ability to pay" analysis, and a simple merger model slapping together two income statements, selected balance sheet items and cash flow sweep for debt payment. This course will allow you to quickly understand basics of merger modeling. To maximize your learning in this module, you need to absolutely understand the concepts in our M&A Deal Structuring course! This course serves as the backdrop to our super-advanced, complex merger modeling course.

Accretion Dilution Model.

Build dynamic merger consequence analysis (accretion / dilution) incorporating the following: Synergies switch, cash vs. stock sensitivity Amortization of goodwill switch (depending on purchase price allocation) Common structural issues: Stock vs asset deals and 338 (h)(10) elections Tax implications of transactions based on deal structure and FASB 142 goodwill amortization Analysis of breakeven PE for both 100% stock and 100% cash considerations Calculate pre-tax and after-tax synergies / cushion required to breakeven.

Ability to Pay Analysis.

Construct an "Ability to Pay" Analysis, a reverse Accretion / Dilution analysis Calculate maximum equity value and enterprise value based on cost of debt Sensitize analysis based on interest rates and pre-tax synergy assumptions.

Simple Merger Model.

Construct a merger model, simple combination of Income Statement for target and acquiror Project simple stand-alone Income Statement for both target and acquiror Analyze selected balance sheet figures and ratios and multiples Estimate target valuation and deal structure Calculate selected Pro Forma balance sheet items Combine target and acquiror's Income Statement and estimated synergies Calculate cash flow for debt repayments to estimate debt repayments and cash balances Compute interest expense and interest income based on paydowns Calculate accretion / dilution and credit ratios.

Pré-requisitos

Accounting & Financial Statements Integration Corporate Valuation Methodologies Company Overview Basic Financial Modeling Advanced Financial Modeling – Core Model M&A Deal Structuring Efficiency in Excel Back to this topicBack to top.

Intermediate/Advanced Merger Modeling.

Our Intermediate/Advanced Merger Modeling course significantly builds upon our Merger Modeling Basics course. We go beyond the simple concepts of accretion /dilution and build additional precision into estimating the correct, pro forma combined earnings. First, enhance the Sources & Uses of Funds to allow for additional clarity in deal structure. Then, dive right into the fine details of the complex FASB 141/142 and IFRS 3 purchase price allocation rules and fair market value tangible assets step-up intertwined with intangibles asset allocation. We tackle and quantify the resulting nuances in deferred tax liabilities and better quantify our synergies estimates. Participants should have mastered the merger concepts and financial modeling techniques covered in our M&A Deal Structuring and Merger Modeling Basics course.

Construct a merger model, simple combination of Income Statement for target and acquiror.

Project simple stand-alone Income Statement for both target and acquiror Analyze selected balance sheet figures and ratios and multiples Estimate target valuation and deal structure.

Build an expanded Sources and Uses of Funds analysis that controls the merger model.

Utilize cash from the acquiror to fund the merger, balanced with minimum cash balances Dynamically handle different percent cash and stock deal structures Incorporate target net debt refinanced / assumed Calculate and incorporate proper treatment of debt financing fees and transaction costs.

Merge target and acquiror income statements and calculate starting balance sheet items.

Calculate selected Pro Forma balance sheet items (full B. S. not projected) Combine target and acquiror's Income Statement Estimate various types of synergies – revenue, COGS and SG&A synergies.

Estimate condensed Cash Flow Statement and simplified Debt Sweep.

Calculate cash flow for debt repayments to estimate debt repayments and cash balances Compute interest expense and interest income based on paydowns Calculate accretion / dilution and credit ratios.

Calculation of Purchase Price Allocation (FASB 141/142 and IFRS 3)

Allocate purchase price among tangible book value (existing assets at cost), step-up in basis to FMV, tax deductible and non-tax deductible identifiable intangibles and goodwill Proper accounting treatment of transaction costs, tender costs and accrued interest of any refinanced debt and debt transaction financing fees Account for differences in GAAP book deductibility and tax deductibility of intangible assets Build in the ability to treat acquisitions as an asset sale for tax treatment.

Pré-requisitos

Basic Financial Modeling M&A Deal Structuring Merger Modeling Basics Efficiency in Excel Back to this topicBack to top.

Merger Modeling: Earnout Structuring.

This Merger Modeling – Earnout Discussion module builds upon our M&A Deal Structuring and Merger Modeling Basics course by reconciling differences that arise in private middle-market transactions in which a buyer wants to be rewarded for future growth and a seller is only willing to pay for growth that has been achieved. But, the seller reckons, "why should I sell when I believe I can achieve greater growth and then sell for an even larger valuation at that future point?" The main tool to bridge this gap is for the seller to put his money where his mouth is - if you say you can achieve $1 billion of revenue, then prove it - one should be willing to accept deferred, contingent payments for such future growth that has yet to be realized. In this add-on module, we explore different ways to analyze and structure earnouts.

Construct a sample earnout model based on a base earnout and a "super-earnout":

Create a two-tiered earnout structure that is dependent on achieving management projections Structure earnout based on both Revenue and EBITDA targets Evaluate the "base" target financial goals and calculate corridor earned Review best practices in calculating the actual earnout earned Repeat analysis for second earnout tier, the "super-earnout", a much more difficult to achieve set of financial projections Evaluate pros and cons of being too optimistic in management projections vs. being too pessimistic.

Pré-requisitos

Accounting & Financial Statements Integration Basic Financial Modeling M&A Deal Structuring Merger Modeling Basics Segment Build-up & Sensitivity Modeling Private Company Pro Forma Modeling Back to this topicBack to top.

Super Advanced M&A Merger Modeling.

The goal of this course is quite simple and yet extremely complex in implementation: build an all-out, full combination and merger analysis of target and acquirer company, integrating full projection model for both. This course will allow you to build one of the most dynamic, sophisticated and complex merger models out there, slapping together complete Income Statement, Balance Sheet, Cash Flow Statement, brand new, highly complex Debt Sweep and Interest schedule for the two companies and combined merged entity. Determine deal structure, purchase price allocation and tax deductibility, accretion / dilution and a whole host of issues.

Learning objectives include: (i) calculate Sources & Uses of Funds, post-transaction ownership, accretion / dilution; (ii) combine Target and Acquiror Income Statements and incorporate synergies into pro forma merger model; (iii) calculate pro forma, post-transaction opening Balance Sheet and project future combined Balance Sheet; (iv) derive combined Cash Flow Statement, dept sweep & interest schedule to balance and integrate model.

The core LBO model serves as the beginning model for the target company in this Complex, Super-Advanced Merger Modeling course and as such, you must have completed the Complex LBO Modeling course first to have the model!

Merger Summary & Sensitivity Options.

Sensitize deal structure options, including stock & cash consideration Construct Sources & Uses of Funds including various financing scenarios and ability to refinance any existing debt and utilize existing excess cash to fund acquisition Calculate correct transaction value incorporating economic effect of management options Calculate post-transaction ownership summary Allocate purchase price among tangible book value (existing assets at cost), step-up in basis to FMV, tax deductible identifiable intangibles, non-tax deductible identifiable intangibles and goodwill Proper accounting treatment of transaction costs, tender costs and accrued interest of any refinanced debt and debt transaction financing fees Account for differences in GAAP book deductibility and tax deductibility of intangible assets Build ability to treat acquisitions as an asset sale for tax treatment Line-by-line combination of Target & Acquiror Income Statements including revenue and expense synergies and correctly depreciation and amortization of assets from purchase price allocation analysis Calculate pro forma, post-transaction EPS, accretion / dilution analyst and pre-tax synergies / cushion required to breakeven Project tax levels, incorporating permanent differences in book vs. tax deductibility of intangible assets Combine Target & Acquiror Balance Sheets and perform transaction adjustment entries to calculate pro forma opening Balance Sheet Calculate projected Balance Sheet and Cash Flow Statement of combined merged company Analyze & construct complex debt schedule to sweep through mandatory & discretionary debt payments Ability to dynamically pay down tranches of Target & Acquiror's debt and new debt raised Calculate pro forma and projected credit & leverage statistics and automatically evaluate debt ratings of merged company.

Pré-requisitos

Accounting & Financial Statements Integration Company Profiles and Corporate Valuation Methodologies Company Overview and Basic Financial Modeling Advanced Financial Modeling – Core Model & Enhancements M&A Deal Structuring and Merger Modeling Basics LBO Overview and Quick & Dirty LBO Model Complex LBO Model & Enhancements Super extreme efficiency in Excel Back to this topicBack to top.

Banker's Law: Legal Aspects of Transactions (NDA, Due Diligence, SPA)

The nondisclosure agreement (NDA) and purchase agreement are two of the most important legal documents that bankers and other finance professionals need to be proficient with during a transaction. The NDA is one of the first agreements to be signed during the negotiation phase. This document lays out the boundaries surrounding what information is confidential. In the NDA portion of this course, you will learn what major components to expect in an NDA. The purchase agreement is also a vital document outlining the legal details of an M&A transaction. The goal is to translate the financial terms of the deal into proper legal protections for both parties. We will walk you through the various sections found in almost all M&A purchase agreements, with detailed explanations of what they mean and how they are all pieced together.

One of the most, if not the most, important parts of an M&A deal is the due diligence process. You may have heard about "kicking the tires" and putting boots on the ground to see what really goes on in a business, but that is just a portion of the legwork required. Comprehensive paperwork, rigorous cross-referencing, and in-depth research are all key to understanding what exactly is being offered for sale. In this course, explore the rationale behind what the respective buyers and sellers are looking for, including the qualitative and quantitative risks associated with the potential transaction. A substantial set of checklists has developed throughout the storied history of the M&A industry, and it is the banker's job to competently meet the long list of information requests that clients make.

Learning Objectives.

Review the various sections of a standard NDA and understand how seller/target tries to protect itself Know what to expect in a purchase agreement, and what changes hands when one is executed Understand the purpose of the due diligence process, and who conducts it Step into the shoes of an acquiror or investor investigating all aspects of a business, from operational to regulatory and everything in between in validating the assumptions behind transactions.

Course Sections.

Due Diligence for Dummies.

What does due diligence entail? In what cases is financial due diligence required? When and where does this process typically take place? Which parts of due diligence are supposed to be quantitative vs. qualitative? Besides financial due diligence, what other types (tax, legal, operational, etc.) are there?

The Due Diligence Process.

What are all the steps involved in the due diligence process? Who are the parties responsible for compiling and organizing the initial due diligence information? Who performs the actual due diligence? What is a "data room" and what belongs inside of it? How might it change throughout the course of a deal?

Corporate Due Diligence.

What documents should be reviewed to verify the validity, scope, and reach of the business's incorporation? What are the relevant pieces of a company's history, such as its product lines and management team? How many subsidiaries of this business exist? Where do they operate, and how are they structured? Are there any synergies available? If so, what are their potential revenue increases and cost reductions? What are all the contracts between the parties involved, such as license agreements, purchase agreements, insurance contracts, and equipment leases/loans?

Marketing/Sales Due Diligence.

What can you find out about the market in which the target operates? Have there been external studies? Which trends can people working closely in this industry identify and support? What are the key relevant facts regarding branding, customer relationships, distribution, and sales? Is there a cohesive product development pipeline? What makes their products/services profitable or unique?

Human Resources Due Diligence.

How will the deal account for compensation and benefit plans? Are there plans for cultural and logistical transitioning programs? How can you smooth out the various employee-related issues that will arise, such as personnel costs, executive compensation, dismissal costs, and more?

Operational/IT Due Diligence.

When is it possible to increase operational efficiency in the wake of a merger or acquisition? Why is operational transparency vital to enhancing the value of the enterprise? Which costs and capacities associated with the production/manufacturing process should be determined? Are the information technology and business technology solutions currently in place secure and efficient?

Financial Due Diligence.

Which sections of the balance sheet need to be accounted for and assessed? How do you challenge both a target's historic and projected financial data? What are the critical factors behind working capital, insurance, and debt forecasts? What records are commonly requested? Why might supplier lists, customer lists, inventory lists and financial statements be of interest to buyers/investors?

PP&E Due Diligence.

How can you value all equipment and fixed assets currently owned or leased by the business? What are all of the required official documents regarding the target's real property? Are there any plans to relocate or expand? If so, what will be the resulting financial and legal impacts?

Legal and Environmental Due Diligence.

Which legal documents must be secured and verified? Is there any current or potential litigation? What about past claims and lawsuits, threatened or otherwise? What intellectual property considerations are required? How have past IP lawsuits affected the business? How is the current state of research and development, and what are the documentation policies? What complications arise from cross-jurisdictional transactions? Which regulatory bodies will govern legal and environmental matters?

Purchase Agreements: Overview.

What are the primary sections of a purchase agreement, and how do they vary across deals? At which point of a deal is a purchase agreement drafted? What is the difference between a letter of intent (LOI) and an indication of interest (IOI)? Traditionally, who provides the first draft of a purchase agreement?

Purchase Agreements: Purchase Price Adjustments.

How are post-closing adjustments to the final purchase price handled? What are earnouts and milestone payments? What is the rationale behind Net Working Capital Adjustments, and which specific provisions apply? What other types of purchase price adjustments are typically available?

Purchase Agreements: Legal Deal Structure.

In a business combination, what will the corporate structure of the surviving entity be? How do stock purchases, asset purchases, tender offers, and mergers all differ? Which structures are preferable to buyers and to sellers? For stock purchases and asset purchases, what exactly changes hands between the parties, and how? How is the acquisition or transfer of intellectual property handled? Assess the pros and cons of the various deal structures, including tax, liability, and other implications in the following structures: stock / asset deal for cash and/or stock; basic and triangular mergers; spin-off and split-offs and reverse mergers.

Purchase Agreements: Merger Consideration.

What is the valuation methodology behind the acquiring party's shares? What mechanisms are in place to address floors and caps for the value and price of issued shares? How do seller-financed notes, contingent & installment payments affect the deal structure? If stock is involved, how are ownership rights and the conversion of fractional shares determined?

Purchase Agreements: Representations and Warranties.

How are representations and warranties outlined? Who will own what? Which aspects of the business being sold are accounted for in a purchase agreement? How do these relate to the due diligence process?

Purchase Agreements: Covenants.

What are some examples of covenants that are agreed upon in between the signing and closing phases? How are regulatory - and financing-related covenants structured? What are the differences between "best efforts" and "reasonable efforts" to close the deal? Which post-merger covenants are most typical, such as employee considerations?

Purchase Agreements: Indemnification.

What do exclusive remedy provisions entail, and which exceptions are often covered? What limitations on liability are commonly found in purchase agreements? What is sandbagging? What contractual approaches may be taken to handle indemnification? For how long are acquirers usually indemnified? What affects the duration of this period? What are baskets and caps? What is the general trend in the M&A universe?

Purchase Agreements: Completion and Complications.

What is the seller obligated to deliver upon closing the transaction? How might an M&A deal face complications? How does the purchase agreement handle these, if at all? What are the standard conditions precedent that govern the buyer's and seller's obligations before the deal can successfully go through? Back to this topicBack to top.

6. LBO Modeling.

Our LBO modeling courses introduce critical skills required for properly understanding and quantifying capital structure changes from simple share repurchases to the extreme of a leveraged buyout. The techniques and concepts learned in building proper, robust, dynamic and flexible LBO models are highly valued given the relatively difficult nature of setting up, quantifying and articulating the complex relationships and intricacies of the LBO. We clearly convey the complexities involved in understanding the deal structure, sources & uses, refinancing options, credit ratios and the all-important debt sweep.

Leveraged Buyout Overview.

This course provides a basic overview and introduction to leveraged buyouts, including discussion of rationale for 'going private', ideal LBO candidate, drivers of value. The following items are discussed, including description, importance, implications and general thoughts on: valuation, debt capacity, scenario analysis, sources & uses of funds, rollover equity, pro forma capital structure, purchase vs. recap accounting, goodwill treatment and other issues. You will gain some basic & fundamental knowledge required to understand LBO transactions. The purpose of this course is to introduce some of the terminology and concepts required for our Quick & Dirty LBO Modeling and Complex LBO Modeling courses.

Valuation Summary Maximum Debt Capacity Refinancing Scenarios Expenses – Definitions and Accounting Treatment Sources and Uses of Funds Equity Sources and Rollover Equity Interest Rate Scenarios Pro Forma Capital Structure Purchase Accounting vs. Recapitalization Accounting Goodwill Calculation / Treatment and Amortization (FASB 141/142) Pro Forma Opening Balance Sheet & Adjustments Pro Forma Shareholder's Equity Treatment Cash Flow Statement and Debt Sweep Adjustments and Expansion.

Pré-requisitos

Accounting & Financial Statements Integration Finance 101 – Introduction to Finance Corporate Valuation Methodologies Back to this topicBack to top.

Quick & amp; Dirty Basic LBO Model.

In the normal course of running a company, the CFO must balance capital requirements with capital sources of funds. Changes to the capital structure are not insignificant as each component of capital has an opportunity cost. In this course, we introduce the impact of changes in capital structure and the resulting impact on a company's decision to borrow vs. raise equity. We quantify the thought process and the logic that dictates one or the other by examining both extremes of capital structure changes: from a simple small share repurchase to the opposite spectrum, the leveraged buyout. This class examines and incorporates all the major inputs and value drivers of capital structure changes by building a short, quick and dirty LBO analysis, providing an excellent condensed overview and introduction to LBO modeling. As LBOs are risky and complex financial transactions, sometimes, building a full-out, complex LBO model is not necessary or required if one just wants to quickly gauge the feasibility of an LBO.

Learning Objectives Discussion on leveraged buyouts, including overview, rationale, ideal candidate and drivers of value Construct and sensitize a basic, quick and dirty, leveraged buyout model Incorporate fundamental drivers including Sources & Uses, Pro Forma, post-LBO projections, available cash flow, debt sweep, credit ratios and IRR.

Intermediate/Advanced LBO Modeling.

This course builds upon our Share Repurchase and Quick & Dirty LBO modeling courses which quantifies changes to capital structure and opportunity cost and our Basic, Quick & Dirty LBO modeling course. We start off by diving deeper into the typical LBO deal structure and then expand upon the different components of the Sources & Uses analysis; projecting selected critical Balance Sheet items; constructing more detailed Cash Flow Statement estimates and robust Debt Sweep, as well as triangulating IRRs for dividends to equity sponsor. Learning objectives include: construct and sensitize an advanced leveraged buyout model with many nuances and complications of our full-blown complex LBO model; incorporate fundamental drivers including Sources & Uses, Pro Forma, post-LBO projections, available cash flow, debt sweep, credit ratios and IRR; selected Pro Forma Balance Sheet items, Debt and Shareholder Equity accounts; Debt Sweep: incorporate Term Loan mandatory amortization and integrating and sweeping additional new and existing debt tranches; sensitize core IRR to equity sponsor as well as triangulate IRR.

Build an expanded Sources and Uses of Funds analysis that dictates LBO value Sources of Funds: inclusion of rollover equity, detailed debt structure & maximizing debt capacity Uses of Funds: ability to toggle refinancing of existing debt, excess cash usage, proper treatment of debt financing fees, tender costs and transaction costs Construct a Pro Forma, post-LBO Income Statement projection model incorporating LBO changes Calculate new, Pro Forma interest expense and amortization of debt financing fees Calculate cash flow available to firm through expanded debt sweep pay off high debt volumes Constructed simulated Cash Flow Statement, including CFO, CFI and CFF Expanded Debt Sweep schedule to flow through various debt items Incorporate Term Loan mandatory amortization and dynamic pre-payment Integrate and sweep through additional new and existing debt tranches Create condensed IRR (internal rate of return) analysis to evaluate financial sponsor returns Comparison of IRR to multiple of capital as a return metric and benchmark Identify true source of returns, from building of equity to time value of money Compare and contrast returns trends based on exit multiple contraction or expansion Discussion on why highly levered transactions must exit within 3 to 5 years Analyze and partially quantify the trend towards dividends to financial sponsor as opposed to debt paydown Triangulate IRR when there are unequal cash flow returns to equity sponsor primarily through dividends Analyze basic credit and leverage statistics and equity sources that drive the LBO model.

Pré-requisitos

Basic Financial Modeling Advanced Financial Modeling – Core Model M&A Deal Structuring Merger Modeling Basics LBO Overview Quick & Dirty LBO Modeling Efficiency in Excel Back to this topicBack to top.

Complex LBO Modeling & LBO Model Enhancements.

Layer a complex LBO model on top core standalone projection model and build one of the most dynamic, sophisticated and complex LBO models out there. This is a highly complex and a very advanced modeling class and requires an absolute grasp of all basic and advanced accounting and financial concepts. Your finished LBO model will be a highly versatile and functional financial model able to capture and sensitize a great deal of inputs to project a realistic and more precise outcome including the ability to toggle between status quo, standalone model vs. all-out LBO vs. partial recap. The core LBO model serves as the beginning model for the target company in our Complex, Super-Advanced Merger Modeling course.

Significantly enhance the LBO model by incorporating the following: PIKs (Paid-In-Kind), warrants and partial, less than 100% recapitalization. Further modify LBO model for mezzanine debt, non-cash interest, issue warrants and modify equity acquired. Incorporate all enhancements into end-all IRR analysis by significantly scaling out returns calculation via massive triangulation of cash flows.

Standalone Projection Model.

Build standalone, fully-integrated projection model that serves as the core model for the LBO model and to check final LBO model against status quo, no transaction scenario. Mirrors our Advanced Financial Modeling – Core Model course.

LBO Summary.

Layer LBO model on top by modifying core standalone projection model Build the ever-so-critical "LBO Summary" page that controls all the drivers and inputs of the LBO model: valuation metrics, maximum debt capacity, Sources and Uses of Funds Sensitize the LBO with the following options: recapitalization vs. purchase accounting, interest rate scenarios, refinancing scenarios Incorporate proper accounting treatment of expenses (debt transaction financing fees, tender costs and transactions costs) Calculate equity sources and rollover equity and financial implications Create Pro Forma capital structure and opening balance sheet incorporating transaction adjustments Calculate goodwill incorporating the FAS 141 and 142 goodwill amortization rules Toggle between various LBO scenarios and no transaction for valuation purposes.

Balance Sheet & Cash Flow Statement Adjustments.

Translate LBO summary and deal structure into Pro Forma Opening Balance Sheet Balance Sheet adjustments include: cash changes, goodwill, capitalization of expenses, debt and capital structure modifications Properly calculate and incorporate Pro Forma Shareholder's Equity treatment Cash Flow Statement modifications including updating existing share repurchase and dividends model.

Expanded Debt Sweep and IRR.

Debt Sweep expansion including integrating and sweeping additional debt tranches Expand debt sweep to account for new debt issued and discretionary cash flow recapture Construct credit & leverage ratios and automate credit ratings Create IRR (internal rate of return) analysis to evaluate financial sponsor returns Complete complex LBO model with Status Quo, standalone model vs. all-out LBO toggle Introduce enhancements and complications into your LBO model to account for various transaction structures and more complex securities typically issued in an LBO transaction. Incorporate mezzanine securities with PIKs (paid-in-kind) Account for dilution due to warrants attached to preferred securities Enhance LBO model to dynamically incorporate recapitalizations (vs. full LBOs) Properly modify and significantly expand IRR analysis to include effect of enhancements.

Pré-requisitos

Accounting & Financial Statements Integration Company Profiles and Corporate Valuation Methodologies Company Overview and Basic Financial Modeling Advanced Financial Modeling – Core Model & Enhancements M&A Deal Structuring and Merger Modeling Basics LBO Overview and Quick & Dirty LBO Model Super extreme efficiency in Excel Back to this topicBack to top.

7. Industry-Specific Modeling.

In order to succeed and climb to the top, at some point, one must eventually specialize in a specific sector or industry after having enough product knowledge. Our industry specific modeling courses focus on unique industries in which generic terminology either doesn't apply or needs to be more detailed, including sectors such as banks, insurance, real estate, oil & gas and other industries.

Distressed Investing Overview.

Learn how to analyze and value distressed companies and securities undergoing restructuring or bankruptcy process. First, appreciate and understand the historical perspective and context of the distressed market. Then, explore various opportunities in distressed investing from securities types to investment strategies. Properly identify and isolate the true sources and drivers of returns from supply & demand to operational changes to market rebound to recapitalizations. Quantify and comprehend the dramatic changes to a distressed firmУі capital structure and the implications on the valuation process and realignment of economics. Understand the reorganization and bankruptcy process, including DIP (debtor-in-possession) financing, Section 363 sales (stalking horse), Chapter 11 reorganization, and Chapter 7 liquidation. Fully comprehend the key critical covenants required involved in distressed securities as well as the entire turnaround & restructuring process by identifying key parameters for successful business plan implementation.

Distressed Investing Overview.

Various definitions of distressed and causes of distressed securities Understanding different securities types to invest in based on investment strategy.

Investment Strategies & Valuation.

Understanding and taking advantage of capital structure arbitrage opportunities DIP (Debtor-In-Possession) financing and the controversial roll-up DIP Identifying all-important fulcrum security and impact on valuation and returns.

Bankruptcy: Legal Aspects & Chapter 11.

Brief overview to Chapter 11 - Reorganization Process and impact on distressed investing in US Section 363 sales & stalking horse bidderУі impact on determining success of Chapter 11 process.

Pré-requisitos

Accounting & Financial Statements Integration Corporate Valuation Methodologies Basic Financial Modeling Back to this topicBack to top.

Distressed Financial Modeling.

Learn how to model and value distressed companies and securities undergoing restructuring or bankruptcy process. Build upon our Distressed Investing Overview course by quantifying the dramatic changes to a distressed firm's capital structure and the implications on the valuation process and realignment of economics. Build robust distressed sensitivity financial model. Learning objectives include: model out sample distressed company on a standalone basis, with and without restructuring; incorporate detailed valuation sensitivity to identify key value drivers in a distressed situation; analyze the fulcrum security based on various valuation and leverage scenarios.

Distressed Financial Modeling.

Summarize pre-petition capital structure of distressed situation & determine normalized valuation Construct standalone Income Statement project of distressed company Layer on various restructuring and turnaround scenarios Evaluate & analyze decision to restructure and understand financial implications on valuation Construct super-dynamic and flexible model to automate new vs. old cash flow capital structure.

Distressed Financial Modeling & Sensitivity Analysis:

Construct robust sensitivity analysis to determine ultimate recovery to capital structure classes Sensitize distressed model based on leverage, valuation, new pro forma capital structure Analyze what constitutes a "bad" deal and its implications for the distressed investor Understand and appreciate various financial stakeholders and inherent conflicts of interest Quantify and evaluate the importance of determining the right fulcrum security.

Pré-requisitos

Distressed Investing Overview Back to this topicBack to top.

Oil & Gas Industry Primer & Modelagem Financeira.

The energy industry impacts everyone in one way or another, from commuters to bottled water consumers. Oil and natural gas are the world's leading energy supply, with gas stations in every neighborhood fueling cars and trucks that travel millions of miles a day. Supporting the entire oil & gas sector is the entire oil & gas services ecosystem.

We begin with an oil & gas services industry primer by introducing the oil & gas field development cycle and the corresponding supporting oil services, from feasibility studies to contract drilling from onshore to offshore, marine-based oil rigs. Drill into the drilling related services & equipment and understand casing and completion to infrastructure & installation and production & maintenance.

Then we focus on analyzing a leading global oil & gas services provider (Haliburton). We will build and constructing the detailed segment build-up portion of the financial model that feeds the Income Statement of your oil & gas services financial model. Understand various industry conventions for rig counts (SWACO and Baker Hughes).

Oil & Gas Services Industry Primer.

What exactly is oil & gas? How did oil start? Who started it? Products that use petroleum; different types of oil (light vs. heavy, sweet vs. sour) Worldwide oil benchmarks and why they matter Onshore well drilling and pumping; primary and secondary recovery Offshore drilling from start to finish, including various drilling platform types Mining oil sands; what is special about bitumen?

The energy industry impacts everyone in one way or another, from commuters to bottled water consumers. Oil and natural gas are the world's leading energy supply, with gas stations in every neighborhood fueling cars and trucks that travel millions of miles a day. However, oil's ubiquity should not be mistaken for simplicity; sound investment decisions require the exploration of the many intricacies within this space.

The energy industry impacts everyone in one way or another, from commuters to bottled water consumers. Oil and natural gas are the world's leading energy supply, with gas stations in every neighborhood fueling cars and trucks that travel millions of miles a day. However, oil's ubiquity should not be mistaken for simplicity; sound investment decisions require the exploration of the many intricacies within this space.

Bank Industry Primer & Financial Modeling.

Bank Industry Primer.

Balance sheet based companies, such as banks, play by different rules and methodologies based on the unique nature of their business. Focus is placed on our Commercial Banks financial statements primer which dives deep into a bank's unique financial statement terminology and drivers. Understand how to analyze a bank and why the standard financial analysis and valuation methodologies that apply to most companies do not apply to industries that "use money to make money". Start with a brief overview of the main banking functions (commercial, investment, asset management) and quickly turn to the quality of book of loans and analysis of net vs gross charge-offs vs provisions, etc. Understand the critical credit ratios and capital adequacy analysis as well as Tier 1 and II definitions and Basel II impact. Crystallize the impact of Interest Rates, importance of term structure and credit spreads and implications on a bank's profitability. Examine best practices in calculating net interest income via average asset and liability balances on the income statement. Dive into an analysis of Balance Sheet assets & liabilities and articulate the drivers of EPS growth. Wrap up by analyzing valuation parameters: key banking valuation multiples (PE, PEG, Book Value, ROE).

Banking Industry Overview.

Overview of main banking functions (commercial, investment, asset management) Quality of book of loans and analysis of net charge-offs Critical credit ratios and capital adequacy analysis; Tier 1 and 2 definitions and Basel impact Impact of Interest Rates, importance of term structure and credit spreads.

Banking Financial Statement Terminology & Drivers.

Net Interest Income Margin (Interest Expense net against Revenue not COGS) Analysis of Balance Sheet Assets & Liabilities Drivers of EPS growth Valuation Parameters: key banking valuation multiples (PE, PEG, Book Value, ROE)

Pré-requisitos

Accounting & Financial Statements Integration Corporate Valuation Methodologies Basic Financial Modeling Back to this topicBack to top.

Basic Bank Financial Modeling.

Build a basic, streamlined bank financial model that builds upon the bank terminology in our Bank Industry Primer course. Before diving deep into the complex nuances of our Advanced Bank Financial Model, really solidify your understanding of developing the logic in loan losses and provisions and its impact on the rest of the larger bank financial statements. Perform quick back-of-the-envelope calculations for key Balance Sheet items such as Interest Earning Assets and Interest Bearing Liabilities, which yield Net Interest Income. Estimate and calculate capital adequacy ratios to wrap up your summary simplified basic bank model.

Pré-requisitos

Bank Industry Primer Back to this topicBack to top.

Intermediate Bank Financial Modeling.

Construct a more robust bank financial model by building a bank balance sheet and derived income statement. Project gross loan balance, provisions for credit losses, gross charge-offs, recoveries, net charge-offs, net loan balance based on important key trends and ratios. Predict the critical funding requirements on the liability side of the balance sheet to support the loans and asset side. Learn the techniques and best practices to balancing the bank model. Examine different techniques to estimate the crucial interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. Estimate asset yield, funding costs and net interest spread to minimize forecasting error. Identify line items that constitute non-interest fee revenue beyond using simple percent growth rates. Incorporate and integrate provision for credit losses. Calculate compensation and overhead expenses and leave with a completed balance sheet and income statement. Make sure you master the concepts in this Intermediate class before diving into our Advanced Bank Financial Modeling course.

Pré-requisitos

Bank Industry Primer Basic Bank Financial Modeling Back to this topicBack to top.

Advanced Bank Financial Modeling.

The standard financial analysis and valuation methodologies that apply to most companies do not apply to industries that "use money to make money". Balance Sheet based companies, such as banks, play by different rules and methodologies based on the unique nature of their businesses. First, start off with an interactive primer on commercial banks and their financial statement terminology and drivers. Then, build a fully integrated bank financial model that addresses the key drivers of profitability, cash flow, and valuation. Focus is placed on: projecting the Balance Sheet line items which drive the entire model; estimating interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities which drives profitability; projecting loan portfolio growth, provisions for credit losses, and net charge-offs which determine overall impact on the financial statements. Complete the model by projecting different fee revenue sources and integrating the Cash Flow Statement. Finish the model by calculating and analyzing capital adequacy ratios, financial performance indicators and valuation metrics.

Balance Sheet:

Project gross loan balance, provisions for credit losses, gross charge-offs, recoveries, net charge-offs, net loan balance based on important key trends and ratios Analyze detailed components of and balance scope vs depth in projecting mix of loan portfolio Project the critical funding requirements on the liability side of the Balance Sheet to support the loans and asset side of the Balance Sheet based on bank modeling best practices Dynamically calculate the critical fed funds sold and purchased line items Properly incorporate the equity account based on financing activities from Cash Flow Statement Calculate crucial interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities from the Balance Sheet Estimate asset yield, funding costs and net interest spread to minimize forecasting error.

Income Statement:

Calculate future Net Interest Income and margin from IEA and IBL Project line items that constitute non-interest fee revenue beyond using simple % growth rates Incorporate and dynamically integrate provision for credit losses on IS and BS Estimate compensation and overhead expenses to round out the Income Statement Correctly incorporate and integrate share buybacks and issuances, treasury options, restricted stock units and stock-based compensation into all three financial statements (IS, BS, CF)

Cash Flow Statement:

Construct automated Cash Flow Statement based on the Income Statement and Balance Sheet Differentiate between a bank's financial statements by properly allocating and including correct components of CFO, CFI and CFF Understand and appreciate which line items are impossible to calculate independently and must be lumped and grouped together to arrive at the net impact instead of tediously (and incorrectly) trying to project every single item Build more supporting detailed schedules to project dividends and stock repurchases and issuances and have it properly flow through the rest of the financials.

Financial & Capital Ratios and Valuation Metrics:

Construct and analyze internal profitability ratios to analyze core performance of the bank Calculate profitability ratios and asset utilization ratios for direct comparisons Reconstruct and estimate Tier I and Total Capital (Tier I and II) , risk weighted assets, adjusted assets and corresponding capital adequacy ratios for regulatory supervision Calculate current market multiples and valuation metrics relevant for a bank.

Pré-requisitos

Basic Financial Modeling Advanced Financial Modeling – Core Model M&A Deal Structuring Merger Modeling Basics LBO Overview Quick & Dirty LBO Modeling Efficiency in Excel Back to this topicBack to top.

Insurance Industry Primer & Financial Modeling.

Balance sheet based companies, such as insurance companies, play by different rules and methodologies based on the unique nature of their business. Focus is placed on our Insurance Industry primer which dives deep into an insurance company's unique financial statement terminology and drivers. Distinguish between P&C (Property & Casulaty) and L&H (Life & Health) insurance companies. Comprehend all the major players along the insurance spectrum from retail to wholesale brokers, to MGAs and MGUs and captive carriers and much more. Understand the different types of insurance, reinsurance and their financial statement impact. On the Income Statement, differentiate between the different types of premiums (direct, ceded, net, written, earned); comprehend loss triangles and the main differences between statutory vs GAAP accounting. On the Balance Sheet, understand key assets line items (premiums receivable, reinsurance recoverable, prepaid reinsurance premiums) as well as the liabilities (loss & lae reserve, unearned premium reserve). Understand insurance valuation parameters: key insurance multiples (PE, book value, premium/surplus).

Insurance Industry Overview.

Types of Insurance: Property & Casualty vs Life & Health Insurance industry players and their functions, roles and value-add Modern insurance industry structure Reinsurance and retrocession: types (quota-share vs. XOL) and their impact on financials.

Insurance Financial Statement Terminology & Drivers.

IS: Premiums: Direct vs Ceded vs. Net and Written vs. Earned vs. UEPR IS: Losses Incurred and LAE Incurred (ALAE vs ULAE) and Commissions vs. DAC Statutory vs GAAP Net Income – main differences BS Assets: Premiums Receivable, Reinsurance Recoverable, Prepaid Reinsurance Premiums BS Liabilities: Loss & LAE Reserve, Unearned Premium Reserve Valuation Parameters: key insurance multiples (PE, Book Value, Premium/Surplus)

Pré-requisitos

Accounting & Financial Statements Integration Corporate Valuation Methodologies Basic Financial Modeling Back to this topicBack to top.

Basic Insurance Company Financial Modeling.

Build a basic, streamlined insurance company financial model that builds upon the insurance financial statements terminology in our Insurance Industry Primer course. Before diving deep into the complex nuances of our Advanced Insurance Company Financial Model, really solidify your understanding of the major items on an insurance company's Income Statement and Balance Sheet. Take the time to further immerse yourself with understanding insurance.

Pré-requisitos

Accounting & Financial Statements Integration Corporate Valuation Methodologies Basic Financial Modeling Insurance Industry Primer Back to this topicBack to top.

Advanced Insurance Company Financial Modeling.

Build a fully integrated, scalable, new insurance company model including detailed build-up by line of business from Gross Written Premiums to Net Premiums down to Underwriting Income. Consolidate the lines of business performance into a GAAP Income Statement with statutory adjustments. Integrate income statement projections with a self-balancing balance sheet, an automated cash flow statement and the balancing cash flow sweep schedule. Learning objectives include: build an integrated set of financials, including LOB, income statement, balance sheet & cash flow; project direct, ceded and net premiums and underwriting income based on assumed loss triangles; consolidate multiple lines of businesses, calculate GAAP and Stat Net Income with Tax Schedule; project self-balancing balance sheet including items such as premiums receivable and recoverables.

Line of Business Breakdown:

Project gross written and earned premiums, from direct down to ceded and net Incorporate fundamentals drivers of premiums including premiums growth and rate changes Calculate unearned premium reserve and flow that back into larger financial model Calculate Loss & LAE and reserves – construct critical paid and reserve loss triangles based on payout patterns and different "tail" assumptions Estimate ceded quota share and XOL amounts, which results in the "grossed up" Balance Sheet Generate net premiums, losses, commission expense and underwriting income Consolidate multiple lines of business into Consolidating Income Statement.

Income Statement:

Calculate all revenue items including various top-line premiums and investment income Calculate total expenses including underwriting expenses and other relevant expenses Tax schedule to properly adjust for deferred acquisition costs (DAC) and any NOLs Adjust from GAAP Net Income to estimated Statutory Net Income.

Balance Sheet:

Project cash & invested assets balances, which is the ultimate balancer for insurance companies Project premiums receivable, reinsurance recoverables and other relevant insurance assets Derive loss reserves, unearned premium reserves, and other relevant insurance liabilities Learn how to cast a proper GAAP Balance Sheet based on these "grossed up" balances Project shareholders' equity account including APIC, retained earnings, etc.

Cash Flow Statement and Sweep:

Calculate CFO (including working capital), CFI and CFF Build cash flow sweep to capture any shortfalls / build-up in cash to balance the entire model Build interest schedule to fully integrate the model What are circular references, why should they be avoided and how to get around circular references.

Internal Rate of Return (IRR):

Project returns to financial sponsor / investor based on financial model.

Pré-requisitos

Accounting & Financial Statements Integration Corporate Valuation Methodologies Basic Financial Modeling Insurance Industry Primer Back to this topicBack to top.

Real Estate Development Modeling.

Evaluate the financial feasibility of a greenfield real estate development project. Determine the valuation of an empty plot of land by developing and building different lots, houses and condos. First, incorporate infrastructure costs required for a master plan development. Then dynamically differentiate among developing empty lots, building single family houses, and constructing & selling condominiums. Account for variability in construction timelines for different types of properties and sensitize the master financial model for various per unit and per square foot costs as the project is in planning, construction and post-construction phases. Learn how to quickly modify assumptions to customize the model to reflect a poor operating environment as the pace of lot sales significantly decline. In addition, learn how to determine optimal funding mix of equity vs. debt based on project cash flows and IRR.

Build a sample master plan which involves buying raw land, creating community-wide infrastructure (shared utilities and resources that didn't previously exist) and then constructing buildings for sale or rent Understand timeline and construction costs associated with common land and unit specific development Model out monthly revenues based on assumptions regarding pre-sales volume, deposits, and various phases of planning, construction and post-construction Map out draw down of construction costs and final cash flow stream which dictate capital required, influencing IRR and multiple of capital.

Pré-requisitos

Accounting & Financial Statements Integration Corporate Valuation Methodologies Basic Financial Modeling Back to this topicBack to top.

Hotel Development.

Evaluate and analyze the acquisition, construction and renovation of a boutique hotel. Quantify hotel-specific construction costs and Sources & Uses of Funds. Perform detailed construction loan analysis that rolls into larger debt funding facility. Funnel into the core projection, estimating REVPAR (revenue per available room), various revenue streams and operating expenses. Compute management incentives and ultimately roll into Net Cash Flow and IRR.

Build a sample hotel investment analysis which involves buying land, constructing or renovating a new boutique hotel, industry standards in raising debt capital and of course ultimately, P&L and cash flow analysis to determine returns Model out detailed construction loan analysis with various drawdown percentages and interest reserves which feeds the amortization schedule of larger debt funding facility Construct projection model based on key factors such as room-nights available, occupancy rates, daily room rate, REVPAR and other relevant factors.

Pré-requisitos

Accounting & Financial Statements Integration Corporate Valuation Methodologies Basic Financial Modeling Back to this topicBack to top.

REIT Financial Modeling.

REITs, REIT Terminology and REIT Market:

Overview of REITs, terminology and legal structure (ie UPREIT) REIT profitability and performance metrics including FFO, AFFO, straight-lining and FAS 141.

Acquisitions:

Model out future quarterly projected acquisition volume based on historical trends Estimate revenue, expenses, margins and NOI Calculate associated estimated depreciation expense.

Dispositions:

Model out future quarterly projected dispositions based on historical trends Estimate revenue, expenses, margins and NOI Estimate gross proceeds, gain/loss, net book and change to accumulated depreciation.

New Development:

Model out future quarterly projected development starts and completions Estimate revenue, expenses, margins and NOI Calculate net change to development properties, construction in process and investments.

Income Statement:

Consolidate acquisitions, dispositions & development figures into Consolidating Income Statement Calculate revenue and NOI including rental revenue and real estate expenses Calculate total expenses down to EBITDA, Net Income, FFO and EPS.

Balance Sheet, Cash Flow Statement and Sweep:

Project investments, CIP, land under development and all asset and liability balances Calculate CFO (including working capital), CFI and CFF items specific to REITs Build cash flow sweep to capture any shortfalls / build-up in cash to balance the entire model Build interest schedule to fully integrate the model Incorporate capitalized interest expense estimates, convertible notes and share repurchases What are circular references, why should they be avoided and how to get around them.

Pré-requisitos

Accounting & Financial Statements Integration Basic Financial Modeling Advanced Financial Modeling – Core Model Back to this topicBack to top.

Credit & Risk Analysis Training.

Tangential to financial modeling and valuation is credit analysis. We take the typical dry boring credit training and tweak it with perspectives from the buy-side credit point of view. This allows for a much broader and yet, simultaneously deeper, discussion and understanding of credit, a hard task to pull, but we think we've done it. As if that weren't enough, we think we've also been able to nicely blend hard core quantitative and statistics based concepts into our suite of portfolio and risk management courses.

Crédito & amp; Risk Analysis Training.

Learn to analyze and understand the factors driving the risk / reward profile for a borrower and its debt securities. Many independent elements impact a borrower's creditworthiness and the value of its loans; however, true mastery of credit analysis demands an integrated perspective, weaving these disparate parts into a comprehensive, big-picture mosaic.

This program's goal is to assist you in developing a comprehensive foundation in credit analysis. Our framework for evaluating credit begins with the fundamentals; traditional and universally-accepted elements reviewed by lenders: the Character, Capital, Collateral, Capacity, and Conditions (the "Five C's") of debt and the debtor. These basics support building a stronger foundation to understand the qualitative and quantitative factors impacting a firm's ability to repay interest and principal. Learn the qualities which most impact a firm's solvency from a top-down analytical perspective, beginning with global economic trends and business cycles. Further assess a company's credit quality with a bottom-up analysis, evaluating the firm's performance relative to its peers. Finally, drill down even deeper to assess the structure of the company's debt securities and the potential value from specific attributes protecting creditors' investment.

Leverage your foundation to understand how major ratings agencies assess credit and ratings are determined. Learn which elements of credit are most relevant to the agencies and which are evaluated less rigorously. Compare the rating methodologies and contrast the meanings of the underlying credit ratings across credit ratings agencies. Understand how ratings changes can have drastic effects on a security's market pricing.

In addition to employing these academic practices and standard methodologies in evaluating a debtor's creditworthiness, you will also learn and integrate real world market dynamics into your credit analysis. Examining the impact of qualities such as market liquidity and the long-term objectives of creditors provides further visibility into the borrower's risk / reward profile. Reviewing additional considerations that impact a loan's risk / reward profile, including counterparty risk and concentration risk, adds deeper insight into a position's creditworthiness.

Recognize the actions and tools sometimes applied by lenders to mitigate credit risk, including credit derivatives and insurance, credit tightening, and portfolio diversification. Understand the costs and benefits of utilizing these tools, and the scenarios in which they are most effective. Finally, put your comprehensive foundation into practice by creating an actual credit review write-up.

The comprehensive analysis of a debtor and its securities from both the top-down and the bottom-up will allow you to judge a company's creditworthiness with a greater breadth and depth of understanding relative to many other market participants. This real world analysis, integrating established methodologies with the tools used by front-line Wall Street credit analysts, is a comprehensive foundation for credit review and analysis.

5-Day Curriculum Overview.

Day 1: Overview of Credit and Lending Day 2: Create a Credit Memo Day 3: Covenants & Credit Agreement Analysis Day 4: Covenant Comps & Debt Comps Day 5: Capstone Credit Memo & Presentation.

Debt & Lending Overview.

What are some of the advantages of borrowing capital? Desvantagens? How do debt and equity investors differ in their approach to risk and reward? List the standard elements examined by lenders, and define the importance of each Understand the perspectives taken by analysts in evaluating credit, and how they differ across the sell-side and the buy-side Why is a security's position in the capital structure important? Why is a company's capital structure relevant to the firm's value? Who are the main ratings agencies and what role do they play? Understand why a loan's price isn't necessarily related to its credit rating How do the major credit ratings agencies evaluate debt or a debtor? How do the major credit rating agencies approach the rating process differently? How do ratings at similar levels differ across the agencies?

Fatores do mercado.

Why are some industries / sectors preferred by debt investors over others? Evaluate the impact of fixed costs and barriers to entry in shaping an industry and its competitive dynamics Review the competitive dynamics of a market by analyzing Porter's Five Forces of competitive intensity How does a company's headquarters or geographic profile impact its creditworthiness and risk / reward profile? Analyze the risk of government regulation / intervention, and the potential impact of this on an industry Differentiate between cyclical, seasonal, and secularly shifting sectors Determine at what point in the economic cycle a specific industry / sector is expected to grow, and at what point it is expected to decline In what circumstances is a company operating in a declining industry not necessarily a bad investment? Recognize industry trends and metrics used to measure performance Predict the impact that global capital markets activity may have on the structure of loan documents Describe how a change in interest rates or future interest rate expectations can impact current debt pricing. Which types of debt securities are most sensitive to this risk? Explain how macroeconomic factors can influence counterparty risk Describe how historical or recent events may influence a lender's perception of a borrower.

Company Factors.

Calculate a firm's credit ratios, and evaluate how they compare to the company's peers. Analyze what these ratios mean for the company from a credit analysis perspective Evaluate whether a company is a leader or a laggard within its sector Conduct an analysis of the company's Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT Analysis) How will a company's owners, and lenders, influence the company's value? Understand the conflicts of interest between equity holders and bond holders What factors do major rating agencies typically not take into account when rating a bond, loan, or note? Examine a firm's financial ratios to determine its operational success and the management's performance in efficiently running the business Describe the potential conflicts of interest between a debtor's management team and the creditors. List several counterbalances that lenders can utilize to control or this conflict Explain why asset coverage is a significant factor for a lender. Describe one way borrowers previously took advantage of this perspective, and explain why they typically can no longer do so How can the Use(s) of Proceeds impact the pricing of a loan? Describe some Use(s) of Proceeds that are generally viewed favorably by creditors, and some that creditors view unfavorably Given a change in a company's financial or operational condition, determine the effects on the borrower's cash flow and ability to repay the loan What options are available to a company when a loan's maturity is imminent but they lack adequate cash / cash flow to pay back the debt? Understand the ТҐarly warning signs' of a deterioration in a borrower's creditworthiness Distinguish between a financially distressed firm and an operationally distressed firm.

Security Analysis.

Understand structural protections typically afforded to security investors, and why they are important What are the most common covenants and loan terms? Assess the impact from a security's possessing tighter or looser terms relative to its peers Explain the most common loan and pricing structures, and under which circumstances each would be most appealing to borrowers and to lenders Why do more senior loans typically mature prior to less senior loans? Consider the liquidity of a security and its impact on the loan's value. How do a firm's lenders, and the lenders' strategies, influence the security's liquidity? How do they influence its value? Differentiate between counterparty risk at the macroeconomic level and at the individual holder level Distinguish between the disparate components which may comprise a bond's yield - principal repayment, cash interest, and PIK interest - and evaluate the circumstances in which each might be preferred relative to the others Identify reasons for a security's price fluctuations that are isolated from the security's underlying value Describe the steps taken by lenders to mitigate credit risk, and characterize the scenarios in which each action may be most effective What are the advantages or disadvantages to portfolio diversification? Understand how diversification influences an individual security.

Case Studies & Credit Memo.

Compare and contrast loose covenants, tight covenants, covenant-light agreements, and covenant-tight agreements Evaluate the impact of certain provisions on a loan's recovery by examining historical outcomes Review the segments typically included, and concerns generally addressed, in a comprehensive analysis of a bond, loan, or note Create a formal credit review write-up.

Pré-requisitos

Accounting & Financial Statements Integration Company Overview Finance 101 - Introduction to Finance Corporate Valuation Methodologies Back to this topicBack to top.

Credit Agreements and Covenants Analysis.

Understand the legal aspects of issuing bank debt and corporate bonds by analyzing major sections of debt agreements and legal and financial covenants. Comprehend the major types of covenants found in credit agreements and bond indentures: affirmative, negative and financial. In addition, delve into maintenance and incurrence covenants, reps and warranties, indemnities. Learn objective of relevant credit agreement provisions and common related structural issues and thoroughly analyze senior credit agreements covenants and high-yield bond covenants. Understand implications of covenants on "events of default" and differentiate between technical defaults as well as compare and contrast "loose" vs. "tight" covenants and covenant-light and covenant-tight agreements.

Debt & Lending Overview.

Capital Structure & Implications on Loan Seniority Lender Concerns, Borrower Creditworthiness & Measurement & Ratings Agencies Bank Debt / Senior Secured Loans Overview Bank Debt comparison with High Yield notes.

Credit Agreements.

Introduction to Credit Agreements Role of Covenants Administrative Agent Defaulting on Credit Agreements: Types of Default and Post-default Debt Tranche Interdependence: Conflicts of Interest & Cross-Defaults Relative importance of Bank Debt to High Yield note covenants Formal Sections of Credit Agreement: Introduction to Solutia Case Study.

Standard & Variable Provisions of the Credit Agreement.

Explanation of standardization General Overview of major CA sections Section summary specific to Solutia case study Title Page: Importance of Legal Borrower, Corporate Structure Overview Table of Contents Recitals: Detail on Guarantors Definitions: Emphasize importance of definitions due to variability across CAs Loan Terms: Detail on amortization structures of loans, company-specific amortization preferences Representations & Warranties Conditions (to closing) Events of Default: Overview of cure period & amendments Other & Voting majority.

Covenant Overview & Detail.

Covenant Summary.

Covenants: Affirmative Covenants.

Role as reporting covenants 1.1 Financial Statements 1.2 Certificates & Other Information Insider Access / Information Arbitrage Case Study: Solutia EBITDA definition to exemplify reporting complications 1.3 Other Events 1.4 Environmental Matters 1.5 Geography / Timeline Importance 1.6 Additional Collateral & Guaranties 1.7 Additional Affirmative Covenants Maintenance of Corporate Existence Payment of Obligations Maintenance of Property & Insurance.

Covenants: Negative Covenants.

Role of Negative Covenants 2.1 Indebtedness 2.2 Liens Importance of Liens in collateral protection Restricted Liens 2.3 Investments Permitted Investments 2.4 Asset Sales Sale & Leaseback Transactions 2.5 Prepayments of Indebtedness 2.6 Fundamental Changes 2.7 Transactions with Affiliates.

Covenants: Financial Covenants.

Maintenance & Incurrence Covenant Overview 3.1 Maintenance Covenants 3.2 Incurrence Covenants Example of Incurrence break & compliance, while within Maintenance Covenants.

Covenant-Lite Credit Agreements.

Excluded Covenants Comparison with Traditional Loans Standard Credit Agreement to diluted CA to lite CA evolution Re-emergence.

Pré-requisitos

Accounting & Financial Statements Integration Back to this topicBack to top.

13-Week Cash Flow Modeling.

This program's goal is to assist you in developing a comprehensive foundation in forecasting and modeling a business' cash needs. Our framework for developing a cash flow model begins with the fundamentals; understanding the variances between traditional and near-term modeling, of which aspects of operations will have the probable largest impact on cash balances, differences the various rationales for creating a 13-Week Cash Flow (TWCF) model, and how they impact both a business in both the short and long term.

After gaining a fundamental and in-depth understanding of TWCF models, learn to build and create a business cash flow forecast. Analyze the results to determine potential pressure points on a business, review variances to comprehend short-term changes in the business, and adjust for future periods based on immediate results. Understand how to use this analysis to better manage operations and obligations, and to position a business for long-term success.

13-Week Cash Flow Overview.

Learn the principal uses and goals of building TWCF models Understand businesses and industries that most frequently utilize TWCF projections Delve into disparate situations that benefit from TWCF modeling and analysis, and how models may differ in their focus / structure depending on a company's current situation Evaluate the differences and advantages of TWCF models relative to more common financial models TWCF models are built on a pure cash basis, down to the last dollar – showing actual cash inflows and outflows, as opposed to being built on an accrual basis (which can be misleading, especially during a cash crisis) More detail, in the form of additional line items which can be forecast more accurately due to the short-term nature of TWCF models Insight into the specifics of timing due to the weekly nature of the projections (for example, forecasting a month in which there are three payroll periods rather than two or taking seasonal trends into account)

Começando.

Understand what information is necessary to gather before beginning the model's construction Realize the assumptions necessary to build a TWCF model Discover resources to make these assumptions as accurate as possible Evaluate the limitations of utilizing assumptions and how to 'sanity-check' your work to minimize the impact from assumption variances.

Information Impact.

Determine in which cases utilizing historical information is appropriate and in which cases this information must be adjusted Emphasize how this differs across industries, and how to adjust your assumptions / historical data accordingly Learn how the cash cycle works across disparate industries and markets Review common pitfalls in TWCF modeling and how to control for them to minimize their potential impact Review the status of the business to determine the context of the TWCF model Many executives utilize TWCFs simply to forecast the near-term period Operators frequently examine 13-Week Cash Flow models when initiating new strategies or introducing new products to determine whether a project is viable Other businesses which are in transitional or distressed situations use TWCF models to actively manage cash and needs Learn which factors are most likely to cause a liquidity issue, such as customers delaying payments in the context of a business' potential distress Analyze run-rate cash outflows and inflows to determine which must be adjusted or may present future problems Determine the drivers of each specific line-item to enhance the model's accuracy (for example, seasonality impacting order volume) Analyze larger customers and expected receipts to determine the actual timing of cash inflows Review current and historical working capital balances to determine whether these accounts may be stretched to gain a short-term cash benefit Evaluate relationships with and importance of suppliers and vendors to make judgments on whether payment terms may be relaxed Utilize balance sheet ratios to determine expected changes in working capital Determine which capital expenditures are necessary (maintenance-related and required to continue operations at the steady state) and which can be delayed (expansionary capital expenditures) Identify potential sources of cash funding and the associated costs, timing, and likelihood of receiving this funding Review corporate managements' previous forecasts and their accuracy to understand whether an 'optimism' discount is applicable.

Model Building.

List and probability-adjust all expected cash inflows and outflows On an account-by-account basis Utilize line-item drivers to build up expectations with a greater degree of accuracy Begin with an analysis of Accounts Receivable aging and determine which collections may be accelerated and the probable timing of cash payments Determine recurring cash outflows, such as operating expenses, interest expenses, and payroll Add in the impact of future sales and collections Build dynamic features allowing scenario analyses: In which funding is received or unavailable In which working capital balances may be stretched In which emergency cash expenditures may be necessary In which suppliers or vendors demand adjusted payment terms Show inventory roll-forwards and other collateral balances, again differentiating between scenarios in which balances can be stretched or collateral can be liquidated for an emergency cash injection Create a master summary page which shows inflows, outflows, and expected cash balance at the end of each week Determine timing of potential liquidity issues and cash balance cushions to understand the business' margin of safety.

13-Week Cash Flow Analysis.

Once the TWCF model is built, track weekly and monthly variances to projections Adjust on a go-forward basis, taking variances into account Determine whether additional costs may be cut and whether strategy implementation is effective Identify potential problem areas or departments within a business to determine accountability Review customer behavior to ensure payments are consistent with contract terms and historical performance Review customer losses to gauge competitors' reactions to a business' transition or distress Review supplier and vendor activity to ensure contract and delivery terms have remained consistent Evaluate additional options to manage cash balances, such as accelerating collections Determine whether recent performance or collateral balances may allow eligibility for financing which was previously unavailable Evaluate 'emergency' options, such as temporary staff reductions or the factoring of accounts receivable in order to keep the business afloat Use positive variances to improve supplier and vendor relationships, potentially negotiating a relaxation of terms Back to this topicBack to top.

Distressed Investing Overview.

Learn how to analyze and value distressed companies and securities undergoing restructuring or bankruptcy process. First, appreciate and understand the historical perspective and context of the distressed market. Then, explore various opportunities in distressed investing from securities types to investment strategies. Properly identify and isolate the true sources and drivers of returns from supply & demand to operational changes to market rebound to recapitalizations. Quantify and comprehend the dramatic changes to a distressed firmУі capital structure and the implications on the valuation process and realignment of economics. Understand the reorganization and bankruptcy process, including DIP (debtor-in-possession) financing, Section 363 sales (stalking horse), Chapter 11 reorganization, and Chapter 7 liquidation. Fully comprehend the key critical covenants required involved in distressed securities as well as the entire turnaround & restructuring process by identifying key parameters for successful business plan implementation.

Distressed Investing Overview.

Various definitions of distressed and causes of distressed securities Understanding different securities types to invest in based on investment strategy.

Investment Strategies & Valuation.

Understanding and taking advantage of capital structure arbitrage opportunities DIP (Debtor-In-Possession) financing and the controversial roll-up DIP Identifying all-important fulcrum security and impact on valuation and returns.

Bankruptcy: Legal Aspects & Chapter 11.

Brief overview to Chapter 11 - Reorganization Process and impact on distressed investing in US Section 363 sales & stalking horse bidderУі impact on determining success of Chapter 11 process.

Pré-requisitos

Accounting & Financial Statements Integration Corporate Valuation Methodologies Basic Financial Modeling Back to this topicBack to top.

Distressed Financial Modeling.

Learn how to model and value distressed companies and securities undergoing restructuring or bankruptcy process. Build upon our Distressed Investing Overview course by quantifying the dramatic changes to a distressed firm's capital structure and the implications on the valuation process and realignment of economics. Build robust distressed sensitivity financial model. Learning objectives include: model out sample distressed company on a standalone basis, with and without restructuring; incorporate detailed valuation sensitivity to identify key value drivers in a distressed situation; analyze the fulcrum security based on various valuation and leverage scenarios.

Distressed Financial Modeling.

Summarize pre-petition capital structure of distressed situation & determine normalized valuation Construct standalone Income Statement project of distressed company Layer on various restructuring and turnaround scenarios Evaluate & analyze decision to restructure and understand financial implications on valuation Construct super-dynamic and flexible model to automate new vs. old cash flow capital structure.

Distressed Financial Modeling & Sensitivity Analysis:

Construct robust sensitivity analysis to determine ultimate recovery to capital structure classes Sensitize distressed model based on leverage, valuation, new pro forma capital structure Analyze what constitutes a "bad" deal and its implications for the distressed investor Understand and appreciate various financial stakeholders and inherent conflicts of interest Quantify and evaluate the importance of determining the right fulcrum security.

Pré-requisitos

Distressed Investing Overview Back to this topicBack to top.

Technical Applications: Excel & PowerPoint.

A financial analyst won't be spending all their time on Excel building financial models, but will be crunching a fair amount of data and creating charts, tables & presentations. From due diligence of analyzing salary rosters and client lists to industry analysis and reports to creating charts and graphs, you will live and breathe Excel, Word & PowerPoint and we will teach you all the best practices of the most important tools.

Excel 2003 в†’ 2007/2010 Transition.

When Excel and Office 2007 first debuted, Excel power-users around the world collectively groaned with a massive headache. While there are certainly key enhancements to Excel 2007 that we like, navigating the new "ribbon" caused some grief as users were forced to re-learn how to use Excel. Thankfully, most of the shortcut accelerator keys are still in place. But change is never easy, so we created this short tutorial on getting you up to speed real quick - the one stop source on mastering Excel 2007. Embrace it, Excel 2007 is here to stay.

Goal: communicate the key differences in Excel 2007 vs. Excel 2003 pertaining to financial professionals If you don't want to spend hours figuring out how to navigate the new interface, then you're at the right place No need to spend hundreds of dollars on a book that you won't read We'll teach you the key things in a fraction of the time.

Pré-requisitos

Excel Fundamentals for the Finance Professional Back to this topicBack to top.

Excel Fundamentals for the Finance Professional.

This course focuses on how learning the fundamental building blocks of Excel so you can begin to take advantage and leverage all of Excel's true capabilities. In order to efficiently build models and crunch large data dumps in Excel, one must master the basics before the advanced content. Learn relevant financial formulas, proper navigation, formatting of files and worksheets, creating calculations in cells, and linking between worksheets/tabs. Functions and tools covered in this course include: mathematical, financial, logic, date/time formulas; data manipulation; anchoring; data tables; and building a capstone model. Emphasis will be on using shortcut keys, simplifying steps, and manipulating data. You will leave with techniques you can use immediately, allowing you to work faster and with less effort.

Mathematical functions: SUM, MAX, AVERAGE, MEDIAN, MIN Financial functions: PV, FV, RATE, NPV, IRR Logic Functions: IF, nested IF, CHOOSE, AND, OR Date Functions: MONTH, DAY, YEAR, WEEKDAY, EO MONTH Time Functions: HOUR, MINUTE, SECOND, TODAY, NOW Formatting: fills, copy formulas, paste special.

Pré-requisitos

Data Manipulation: TEXT, CONCATENATE, ROUND Anchoring and locking cell references Build simple capstone financial model that encompasses efficiencies, shortcuts and sensitivity analysis Shortcuts and working with Add-ins Back to this topicBack to top.

Advanced Excel for Data Analysis.

This course focuses on how to effectively and efficiently utilize Microsoft Excel for data analysis. A financial analyst will not only use Excel to build financial models, but also to crunch a large data dump. Learn how to minimize as much manual labor as possible, thereby saving time and performing more detailed analysis quickly. Apply commonly-used formulas in new and different ways; uncover often over-looked Excel formulas; streamline number crunching and analysis via functions and tools including pivot tables, sumif, sum+if, transpose, working with arrays, vlook-up, subtotals, and regression analysis; enhance your spreadsheets with drop-down boxes, data validation techniques, automation of alternate row shading; take Excel to the next level with an introduction to building and automating simple macros and more!

Learn the most useful and overlooked Excel shortcuts to make life easier! What are the different ways to make your Excel worksheet into a model instead of just a flat analysis? Learn different "switches alternatives" (if, choose, offset) Learn data validation techniques to dummy proof your model! Perform basic regression analysis using least squares approach How do you perform one-dimension and two-dimensional sensitivity analyses using data tables? Utilize the vlookup function to its fullest to streamline tedious lookup jobs Pivot Tables: Everybody's heard of it but who knows how to use it! Learn how to summarize and dissect large amounts of data for analysis! Pivot Tables: Even better - add built-in and custom calculated fields to really use pivot tables to the max! Utilize the sumif formula and sum+if array functions to simplify complex conditional calculations Learn how to use the subtotal formula and function to minimize errors Combine subtotal with AutoFilter options to easily crunch all sorts of data! Automate alternate row shading in a table of data using complex conditional formatting Learn how to use the transpose array function Add some spice to your Excel analysis and models using drop-boxes Introduction to recording macros, modifying and coding macros and creating macro icons.

Pré-requisitos

Knowledge of Excel and fundamental concepts in finance and valuation (since data is finance oriented) Company Overview and Basic Financial Modeling Back to this topicBack to top.

Excel Charting & Graphing Techniques & PowerPoint Integration.

"A Picture is Worth a Thousand Words" - but what happens when you have the perfect image in your head but you can't get Excel to graph it the way you want? Ever get annoyed at constantly having to go back into "Source Data" whenever you add an item to your data series? Or how about getting the perfect sized bar or line without resorting to using a ruler to literally draw it on! This course builds upon our Advanced Excel for Data Analysis course and focuses advanced charting & graphing techniques and how to properly integrate with PowerPoint. A critical, must-take course especially for professionals that have to create graphs in their presentations, reports and slides. As usual, we emphasize and teach all the best practices and focuses on our core Excel learning goal: automation, automation, automation! Leave nothing to chance, there is always a way to simplify and automate your charting & graphing approach. This jam-packed session includes: waterfall charts, football fields, dymamic ranges, and much much more! Learn the best practices of integrating into PowerPoint, when to embed, link (never) and copy as picture, as well as add to our Excel macros with a couple handy PowerPoint macros.

Creating Price Volume chart with call-out box annotations with perfect alignment Calculate and create dynamic moving average charts Construct Indexed Stock Price History graph with automated information box Build historical industry graph summarizing average, high low bars detailing valuation spreads Construct combination charts and graphs including precise annotations and secondary axis formatting Properly structure beta and volatility analysis and regression on multiple axis Construct historical and projected linear regression graph with automated best fit lines Assemble and understand logic behind "step charts" with X and Y Error bars to connect the dots Create dynamic charts and graphics that automatically update as additional source data is added Build Shares Traded at Various Prices graph with absolute perfectly sized and aligned graphs Create simple column and cumulative column (or bar) chart (multiple stacked chart) Learn how to create complex, combination charts such as double stacked charts Go all out by building a "football field" valuation range chart that combines triple stacked charts with XY scatter plot to automate current stock price line Construct waterfall chart that graphically summarizes sum-of-parts valuation Learn best practices of bringing Excel charts and exhibits into PowerPoint Avoid the forbidden linking between files and learn when to embed vs copy/paste as picture Learn the fastest and best ways to work in PowerPoint without the mouse Facilitate chart and graph placement in PowerPoint with our custom PPT macros.

Pré-requisitos

Basic Financial Modeling Advanced Financial Modeling - Core Model M&A Deal Structuring Merger Modeling Basics LBO Overview Quick & Dirty LBO Modeling Efficiency in Excel Back to this topicBack to top.

Estratégias de negociação.

Bridge the gap from the fundamental analysis side of finance to actionable trade strategies. After you've decided on your trade based on your fundamental analysis (financial modeling & valuation), take the next step to properly time your trade and explore options beyond simply buying stocks.

Buy-Side Series: Mechanics and Applications of Long/Short Hedge Funds.

Participants will be introduced to the psyche of a hedge fund and learn how to think like a buy-side analyst. Through this course, participants will be shown how to expand their analysis beyond theory (valuations, trends, etc.) and apply the same practical techniques that hedge funds do. Specifically, learn what information is valued by funds, how and when hedge funds buy stocks, how single stock ideas are vetted through the construct of an entire portfolio, and how/why short decisions are made. Trade strategies will be detailed so conceptual ideas can be presented as actionable trades. Trading mechanics such as short interest, liquidity analysis, and ownership will also be discussed. Participants will be shown where to gain insights on funds and how to cater ideas/information to the fund's existing book of stocks, market exposure, and stated mandate. If you're a buy-side professional, you must master these fundamentals. If you're a sell-side professional, adoption of these techniques will increase the value of the presenter's ideas and result in increased and stronger buy-side relationships.

Thinking like Hedge Funds.

Understanding what information funds value, what they don't and what they pay attention to Making stock ideas more practical – moving beyond valuation and theory When a fund might short a stock even though fundamental valuation says fair or even undervalued.

Shorting as a source of funds and viewing short performance relative to the offsetting long position Managing return expectations for a short; distinguish between hedges, absolute returns & capital sources.

Atuação.

Understanding how beta impacts returns and managing funds' exposures Distinguish between AUM and assets deployed – and the impact on manager performance and risk.

Liquidity & Trades.

The impact of liquidity on stock selection and profiting from anticipated liquidity changes Designing trades with the whole portfolio in mind and pair trades – when & why & how they work Understanding the impact of sentiment on anticipated trades.

Knowing and Using the Information Available to You.

Where to find relevant filings – understanding what they mean Following competitors' trades while maintaining discretion in your own book Profiting from liquidations Calculate net change to development properties, construction in process and investment.

Pré-requisitos

Accounting & Financial Statements Integration Corporate Valuation Methodologies Overview of Financial Markets Back to this topicBack to top.

Análise Técnica & amp; Negociação.

Technical analysis offers powerful, objective tools for trading stocks and securities. It's one thing to master fundamental analysis (accounting, reading and dissecting financial statements, financial modeling & valuation); however, many times, especially in extreme market dislocations, technical analysis overpowers the fundamentals and takes a life of its own. Certainly, technical analysis combined with fundamental analysis will rule the day; in either case, both sides of the equation are important.

This course provides a thorough review and primer to the fundamentals of technical analysis and trading based on technicals. We introduce the major types of technical indicators and tools and dive into the practical application in the real trading world. While the common saying "you can't time the market" certainly has merit, this course will teach how to make disciplined trades and improve your timing by identifying trends. Learn how to interpret charts and translate them into actionable trades.

We start with understanding the critical concepts of moving averages, support and resistance levels, to chart patterns such as head & shoulders, tops & bottoms, reversals and gaps, to incorporating price with volume, time, momentum and other sentiment factors, to more complex analysis such as candlesticks, Elliott waves, Bollinger bands, stochastics, relative strength, Fibonacci retracements, and much much more!

We debunk the myths and cut through the jargon to provide a straightforward, non-theoretical application—for each technical indicator, we explain: (i) the basic premise of the analysis; (ii) the information it provides; (iii) how it works; (iv) examples with graphics to clarify; (v) how to implement it; (vi) compare and contrast with other indicators.

Introduction to Technical Analysis.

Fundamental Analysis vs. Technical Analysis Effectiveness of Technical Analysis.

Step One: Reading, Understanding & Interpreting Charts.

Arithmetic vs Logarithmic Scaling Useful Line and Bar Charts Candlestick Charts.

Step Two: Reading, Understanding & Interpreting Trends.

Time Horizons, Trend Lines & Volume Support / Resistance Levels and Moving Averages Gaps (Breakaway, Runaway, Exhaustion) Oscillators, Momentum & Sentiment Indicators (VIX, Put/Call, Bull/Bear, etc)

Step Three: Reading, Understanding & Interpreting Patterns.

Head & Shoulders Double Tops & Bottoms Continuation and Reversal Patterns Identify Channel Boundaries and Trading Channels.

Step Four: Advanced Technical Analysis.

Dow & Elliott Wave Theory Relative Strength Indicators Fibonacci, Stochastics & Bollinger Bands Back to this topicBack to top.

Introduction to Options: Greeks & Estratégias de Opção.

This course is an intensive introduction to option trading strategies and the Greeks. Several examples of spreads and combinations are covered in detail; strategies that combine options with other types of assets are also explained in depth. These include covered calls, protective puts and collars. In addition to these strategies, the use of options to synthetically replicate other types of positions is also explored. Several option risk measures, known as the Greeks, are covered in detail: delta, gamma, theta, vega and rho. The properties of the Greeks are analyzed, while models for computing the Greeks are derived from the Black-Scholes model using Excel. The importance of the Greeks in trading strategies is shown with numerous examples.

Learning Objectives.

Excel - understand how to implement several key mathematical and statistical Excel functions, such as variance, standard deviation, covariance, correlation, the normal probability distribution and the cumulative normal probability distribution. Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) - learn how to extend the capabilities of Excel with the VBA programming language. Understand the basic programming structures of VBA, such as arrays, objects, properties, methods, and branching and looping statements. Learn how to write user-defined functions and macros. Options - review basic options terminology and understand how options are priced with the Black-Scholes model. Understand the statistical foundations of the Black-Scholes option pricing model and how to implement the Black-Scholes model in Excel. Learn how the put-call parity condition enables Black-Scholes to price puts and calls. Option trading strategies - understand the basic types of trading strategies, including spreads and combinations. Understand the payoff profile and the break-even point of each strategy. Understand which strategies are appropriate when the market outlook is bullish, bearish or neutral. Learn the potential rewards and risk associated with each strategy. Understand how changes in volatility affect each strategy, and how the passage of time affects the profitability of each strategy. Learn how to synthetically reproduce various payoff profiles with the use of options. Black-Scholes - learn how European options may be priced with the Black-Scholes model. Understand the statistical foundations of the Black-Scholes option pricing model and the concept of risk-neutral pricing. Be able to implement the Black-Scholes model in Excel and VBA. Learn how to extend the Black-Scholes model to price European puts with the put-call parity condition. Learn how the Greeks may be calculated with the Black-Scholes model. Understand how the assumptions underlying the Black-Scholes model may be violated in practice. Option volatility - Understand how to calculation implied volatility and the implications volatility has in pricing options. Connect the "smile" of volatility to implied volatility and strike price and validate / negate the assumptions of Black-Scholes. Internalize the impact of volatility skew on in-the-money calls and out-of-the-money puts which all relate to the term structure of volatility and how mispricing arises. The Greeks - understand five of the most important Greeks: delta, gamma, theta, vega and rho. Understand how delta and gamma can be used to measure the sensitivity of an option's price to changes in the price of the underlying variable. Learn how theta measures the impact of the passage of time on an option's price. Understand the relationship between option prices and volatility, as measured by vega. Gain insight into how interest rates impact option prices, as measured by rho. Learn how to compute these measures in Excel and understand their role in measuring and managing risk. Understand the role of the Greeks in trading strategies. Back to this topicBack to top.

Complex and Exotic Option Pricing Models & Simulation in Excel/VBA.

This course introduces the Monte Carlo simulation approach to pricing derivative securities. Several different techniques for simulating random numbers are described; the risk-neutral framework for pricing derivative securities is covered in detail. The properties of Brownian Motion and Geometric Brownian Motion are explored, along with alternative stochastic processes that may be used to price derivatives. The simulation of European option prices and the Greeks is implemented in the VBA programming language. The Longstaff-Schwartz approach to pricing American options is covered in depth. The properties of several types of exotic derivatives are explained in detail. The prices of these derivatives are obtained from Monte Carlo simulation and compared with the results obtained from closed-form models. Several techniques for reducing the computational time of Monte Carlo simulation are explored, such as low-discrepancy sequences, control variates and antithetic variables.

Learning Goals.

Learn the properties of several types of exotic derivatives and the concept of path-dependence; then model and price the exotics Specific options strategies covered include: barrier options, binary (digital) options, Peroni options, rainbow options, lookback options, Asian options, multiple-asset options and others Understand how the Chicago Board Option Exchange Volatility Index (VIX) is constructed, how VIX options are priced, and how they may be used to implement volatility trading strategies Utilize Monte Carlo simulation approach to pricing derivative securities, from the risk-neutral framework to Brownian Motion to Longstaff-Schwartz and alternative stochastic processes Simulate and model European option prices and implement the Greeks in Excel & VBA Utilize VBA for arrays, objects, properties, methods, branching & looping statements and user-defined functions and macros.

Learning Objectives.

Excel : understand how to use Excel's add-in tools to implement advanced statistical techniques, such as regression analysis and random number generation. Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) : learn how to extend the capabilities of Excel with the VBA programming language. Understand the basic programming structures of VBA, such as arrays, objects, properties, methods, and branching and looping statements. Learn how to write user-defined functions and macros. Risk-neutral pricing : understand how derivative securities are priced with the risk-neutral framework of Black and Scholes. Learn the statistical properties of Brownian Motion. Understand how a stochastic process such as Geometric Brownian Motion can be used to model the behavior of financial assets. Monte Carlo simulation : understand how the statistical properties of traded assets can be used to generate simulated prices, and how option prices can be derived from these results. Learn several techniques for simulating random numbers from a probability distribution, and be able to evaluate their relative strengths and weaknesses. Learn how to implement a Monte Carlo simulation in VBA. The Longstaff-Schwartz model : understand how American options may be priced using the Longstaff-Schwartz approach, which combines regression analysis and Monte Carlo simulation. Back to this topicBack to top.

Volatility/Correlation Modeling and Risk Management.

This course provides a detailed overview of volatility and correlation models. First, estimate volatility from historical data then, implied volatility is defined and derived from option prices using root-finding methods. Dive deeper into the term structure of volatilities and volatility surface are analyzed in great detail. Learn how to price exotic options and the corresponding Greeks from the volatility surface. An overview of hedging and trading strategies using volatility derivatives is given; these include VIX options and futures and OTC derivatives, such as variance and volatility swaps. Several techniques for estimating correlation are covered, along with an overview of correlation derivatives. Trading and hedging strategies with correlation products are explored in detail. All models are implemented using Excel and the Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) programming language.

Learning Objectives.

Excel - understand how to use Excel's optimization package Solver to estimate volatility models. Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) - learn how to extend the capabilities of Excel with the VBA programming language. Understand the basic programming structures of VBA, such as arrays, objects, properties, methods, and branching and looping statements. Learn how to write user-defined functions and macros. Historical volatility - understand how to estimate volatility from historical data. Implement the simple moving average approach, the Exponentially-Weighted Moving Average (EWMA) approach and the GARCH methodology using Excel. Understand the advantages and disadvantages of each approach. Implied volatility - understand how implied volatility can be computed from the Black-Scholes model using root-finding techniques such as Newton-Raphson. Understand the properties of the volatility skew and how the term structure of volatilities is calculated. Learn how the implied volatility surface is constructed from the volatility skew and the term structure of volatilities. Implied trees - understand the methodology used to generate implied binomial and trinomial trees from the volatility surface. Learn how to implement the Derman-Kani implied tree model in order to price exotic options and calculate the Greeks for these options. Understand how the Greeks may be used for hedging. Stochastic volatility models - learn how volatility can be modeled as a two-factor stochastic process. Understand how the Heston model may be implemented with Monte Carlo simulation and as a closed-form solution using numerical methods. Use the Heston model to calculate the implied volatility surface and use this information to price exotic options. Volatility derivatives - understand the properties of several volatility derivatives, including VIX options and futures, variance and volatility swaps. Understand how the VIX index is constructed and how VIX options and futures may be used to hedge volatility risk. Understand several trading strategies using VIX options and futures to speculate on the future direction of volatility, including bull and bear spreads, calendar spreads, diagonal spreads, butterfly spreads and condors. Correlation models - understand how correlation can be estimated from historical data using simple moving averages, Exponentially-Weighted Moving Averages and GARCH. Be able to extract implied correlations from the prices of currency options. Understand the properties of the correlation skew. Learn how default correlations may be estimated from structural models such as Merton. Correlation derivatives - learn the key properties of correlation derivatives, such as covariance swaps, correlation swaps, nth-to-default swaps and Collateralized Debt Obligations (CDOs). Understand the different types of risk carried by correlation products, such as default risk, spread risk, implied correlation risk and time decay and how these risks may be managed using delta and gamma. Learn how a position in correlation may be taken with CDS or CDO tranches. Copulas - understand how several types of copulas are constructed, including the Gaussian copula. Learn how these may be used to price correlation products, such as CDSs and CDOs. Back to this topicBack to top.

Global Macroeconomics (and Implications on Rates)

Economics – if not dismal, the "science" can certainly be frustrating. Ask yourself, do weak employment figures portend a decline in corporate profits and falling equity prices, or does it signal potential intervention from the central bank and rising equity prices? Exasperating, right?

The application of economic data to real world investment decisions often requires a secondary and even tertiary analysis of its meaning. Said differently, using economic data in the real world is more a "sentiment game" than a mathematical formula. What is a sentiment game? Keynes would describe it as a newspaper beauty contest, but more technically it's a strategic interaction between multiple players seeking to ascertain not necessarily their interpretation of a given set of information, but the interpretation and reaction of the other players in the game.

The Wall St. Training Global Macroeconomics course examines the practice of interpreting economic information in a way that is helpful to decision makers. We address key theoretical concepts including basic macroeconomics, the business and debt cycles, monetary and fiscal policy, and international trade; but also leave the ivory tower to examine actual economic releases and discuss not what “should” happen but what does or can happen.

The course is broadly divided into two sections: Core Concepts and Key Economic Indicators & Data Series. The Core Concepts section of the course covers introductory economic theories and models that are required background information for economic analysis. This is done through an explanation of content followed by a real world example taken from a leading financial news source. The second portion of the course looks at key economic data series including among others, employment figures, price levels, monetary policy measures, and business/consumer activity measures. We use recent economic data to make it more applicable to current investment decisions and avoid the obfuscation that often accompanies older data sets.

Students should walk away with a better understanding of basic economic theory, how it translates into real world application, and knowledge about the distribution of and meaning behind important economic indicators. This is perfect for investment decision makers looking to integrate economic analysis into their decision making process or more experienced "economists" looking for a review of key concepts.

Core Concepts:

Basic Macro - fundamental understanding of the global economy; aggregate supply/demand, gaps, stagflation, etc. Business & Debt Cycles - determinants of economic growth, Neoclassical vs. Keynesian economics and implications Monetary and Fiscal Policy - monetary vs. fiscal policy impacts and trading implications for rates trading desks International Trade - comparative advantage and impact of trade treaties on trading strategy Balance of Payments and FX - impact of balance of payments and foreign exchange trade strategies.

Key Economic Indicators & Data Series:

Business Activity - business outlook, durable goods & factory orders report, production, capacity utilization and others Employment - employment cost index, employment situation, jobless claims report and related employment figures Real Estate - existing home sales, housing starts, new residential sales Prices - consumer price index, headline vs. core, producer price index Monetary - Federal Reserve Beige Book, Fed communications and signaling, money supply, commercial banks Consumer - consumer confidence index, consumer sentiment index, consumer credit report, personal income International and Output - international transactions, GDP, productivity and costs Other - commodities, 10-year government bonds, currencies, other miscellaneous indicators Back to this topicBack to top.

Portfolio & Risk Management.

Our suite of portfolio and risk management courses takes a quantitative approach to managing diversification strategies in the portfolio context. Understanding the impact of market factors and monte carlo simulations will allow you to better sensitize and quantify risk factors on your portfolio.

Credit Risk Modeling in Excel & VBA: Default Risk and Prepayment Modeling.

This course provides an in-depth introduction to credit risk. Techniques for modeling credit transition matrices are covered in great detail, while several statistical techniques for modeling default probabilities and correlations are explored in depth. Methodologies for modeling credit portfolio risk are covered, including the asset value approach and the structural approach. Prepayment models are developed for Mortgage-Backed Securities (MBS). All models are developed in Excel/VBA.

Learning Goals.

Implement statistical foundations, including Monte Carlo simulation using built-in native Excel functions and tools Understand the structure of a credit ratings transition matrix and estimate using the cohort approach and the hazard rate approach Estimate default probabilities and correlations, using Merton's model of credit risk, linear & Poisson regression analysis, the asset value approach (method of moments and maximum likelihood approaches) Simulate and model prepayment rates, incorporating the structure of MBS & related derivatives, including IO and PO strips Model different measures of prepayment speed, such as Single Monthly Mortality (SMM), Conditional Prepayment Rate (CPR) and Absolute Prepayment Speed (ABS) Utilize Excel's specialized functions, including advanced statistical techniques, and Excel's built-in optimization tools Code in Excel VBA: learn the fundamental programming structures and how it can be used to extend Excel's capabilities in Credit Risk Modeling.

Learning Objectives.

Excel : learn several of Excel's specialized functions. Understand how to use Excel's add-in tools to implement advanced statistical techniques, such as regression analysis. Learn how to use Solver, Excel's built-in optimization package. Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) : learn the fundamental programming structures of the VBA language, and how it can be used to extend Excel's capabilities. Statistical foundations : learn how to implement Monte Carlo simulation using Excel/VBA. Learn techniques for improving the speed of convergence, including importance sampling and low-discrepancy sequences. Understand the binomial and Poisson distributions. Learn the fundamental principles of linear regression analysis, as well as Poisson regression. Understand the maximum likelihood and method of moments approaches to statistical estimation. Merton's model : understand Merton's model of credit risk; learn how it is related to the Black-Scholes model and how it can be used to compute default probabilities. Credit ratings transition matrices : understand the structure of a transition matrix. Learn how to estimate a transition matrix with the cohort approach and the hazard rate approach. Back to this topicBack to top.

Value at Risk (VaR) Modeling for Different Asset Classes in Excel.

This course provides an overview of Value at Risk (VaR) modeling for a wide array of financial assets, including stocks, bonds, forward contracts, futures contracts, swaps and options. The key statistical assumptions underlying the VaR methodology are explored; several different models for computing VaR are implemented in Excel. The Delta-Normal approach is used to compute VaR for bonds, stocks and linear derivative securities, such as forwards, futures and swaps, as well as calls and puts. The Delta-Gamma approach is introduced as an alternative to computing VaR for options; this approach can capture the non-linear behavior of an option but at the cost of greater computational complexity. Full valuation approaches to computing VaR are covered in great detail; these have the advantage of being independent of any distributional assumptions about financial assets. These approaches include Historical Simulation, Weighted Historical Simulation and Monte Carlo Simulation. Several portfolio VaR measures are demonstrated; these are designed to measure the impact of a potential trade on portfolio VaR. These measures are known as Marginal VaR, Incremental VaR and Component VaR. The course concludes with a discussion of the strengths and weaknesses of the VaR methodology, with a consideration of several alternative possible approaches.

Learning Goals.

Explore the statistical foundations and methodology of the VaR framework in Excel and gain insight into how the assumptions of VaR are violated in practice Learn the Delta-Normal, Delta-Gamma & Full Valuation approaches to compute VaR for bonds, stocks and linear and non-linear derivative securities, such as forwards, futures and swaps, as well as calls and puts Understand how changes in the composition of a portfolio affect VaR and implement VaR sensitivities in a portfolio: marginal, incremental and component VaR Comprehend extensions of VaR and how VaR may be implemented with non-normal distributions, such as the Generalized Pareto Distribution (GPD), which can better capture the tail behavior of financial returns Utilize Excel's advanced statistical and mathematical functions, from basics of random numbers to implementing probability distributions (including normal distribution) to Excel's specialized matrix algebra operations.

Learning Objectives.

Excel : Learn several advanced statistical and mathematical functions in Excel. Understand how random numbers can be generated in Excel. Understand how to implement probability distributions in Excel, including the normal distribution. Learn how Excel's add-in tools can be used to implement advanced statistical techniques. Understand Excel's specialized matrix algebra operations. Statistical properties of financial assets : gain an in-depth understanding of the statistical concepts that form the foundation for all risk management models, including volatility, covariance and correlation and the normal distribution. The Value at Risk methodology : understand the statistical foundations of the Value at Risk framework. Gain insight into how the assumptions of Value at Risk are violated in practice. Understand how to interpret the output of a Value at Risk model. Merton's model : understand Merton's model of credit risk; learn how it is related to the Black-Scholes model and how it can be used to compute default probabilities. Delta-Normal approach to VaR : understand how VaR can be computed from the volatilities and correlations among the assets in a portfolio. Understand how VaR mapping is used to measure the exposure of financial assets to various risk factors. Learn how VaR can be computed for more complex assets, including fixed income products and derivative securities. Back to this topicBack to top.

Portfolio Optimization & Efficient Frontier Modeling.

This course provides an overview of portfolio modeling. The course reviews several key components of portfolio math, such as standard deviation, correlation and covariance, as well as optimization techniques. Markowitz' formula for measuring portfolio risk is covered in detail. The equivalent matrix representation is introduced, along with Excel's matrix algebra functions. The Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) framework is used to introduce several key concepts, such as beta and the efficient frontier. Excel Solver is used to derive the efficient frontier from a portfolio of stocks. Beta is estimated using linear regression analysis. The Capital Market Line and Security Market Line are derived, showing the relationship between risk and return in equity markets. The Sharpe Ratio is introduced as a measure of relative risk.

Learning Goals.

Extend the fundamentals of CAPM to the foundations of portfolio math, such as standard deviation, correlation and covariance, as well as optimization techniques Learn how to easily implement Markowitz's efficient frontier methodology using Excel's matrix algebra functions and array tools to quickly calculate correlations amongst almost infinite set of securities Understand and quantify the concept and benefits of diversification and how risk can be reduced with a portfolio of assets Start with raw return data for equity securities and construct optimal stock portfolio in Excel; then layer on different asset classes including cash, fixed income and options Sensitize and quantify the effect of specific securities in the context of the overall portfolio: for instance, a stock may optimize the stock portfolio but not the overall diversified portfolio Utilize Excel to optimize portfolio construction based on maximizing returns and minimum variance mix of securities, using advanced statistical and mathematical functions.

Learning Objectives.

Excel : Learn several advanced statistical and mathematical functions in Excel. Understand how Excel's add-in tools can be used for regression analysis. Learn how to use Excel's specialized matrix algebra operations. Understand how to optimize functions using Excel's Solver add-in. Portfolio math : gain an in-depth understanding of the statistical concepts that form the foundation of portfolio theory, including expected return, standard deviation, covariance and correlation. Learn how to calculate these measures in Excel, and understand their economic significance. Learn how the inputs to a portfolio model can be estimated from historical data using Excel. Optimization : learn the basic principles of constrained and unconstrained optimization using Excel's matrix algebra functions and Solver. Markowitz's model : understand how Markowitz's model is used to measure the risk of a portfolio. Understand the concept of diversification and how it relates to correlation and covariance. Learn how to implement Markowitz's formula for multiple assets using Excel's built-in matrix algebra functions. The Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) : understand the statistical foundations of the CAPM model. Understand how beta is derived and how it is interpreted. Understand the significance of the Capital Market Line and the Security Market Line and how they may be implemented in Excel. Learn how to compute and interpret Jensen's alpha. The Efficient Frontier : understand the properties of the efficient frontier and how it can be implemented using optimization techniques. Learn how to construct the efficient frontier using Excel Solver. Understand how the minimum variance portfolio and the market portfolio are constructed. Learn how to optimize the weights of the assets in a portfolio to earn a target return given any constraints on the risk of the portfolio. Learn how the ability to sell stocks short affects the efficient frontier. Understand how the availability of a risk-free asset impacts the efficient frontier. Understand how portfolio rebalancing may be used to preserve a portfolio's risk and return characteristics over time. Back to this topicBack to top.

Bank Capital Adequacy Modeling and Basel III Compliance.

This course presents an overview of the Basel Accords and how they have evolved since their debut in 1988. The three-pillar structure is explained in great detail, with a focus on the measurement of capital requirements under Pillar 1. The Value at Risk methodology is covered in depth as a technique for computing market risk capital requirements. The key features of the approaches to computing credit risk capital are covered: the Standardized Approach, the Foundation Internal Ratings Based Approach and the Advanced Internal Ratings Based Approach. The three approaches to computing operational risk capital are explored in detail: the Basic Indicator Approach, the Standardized Approach and the Advanced Measurement Approach. The new features of Basel III are explained, including changes to the measurement of Tier 1 and Tier 2 capital, updates to the calculation of credit risk capital and a more advanced approach to measuring liquidity risk.

Learning Objectives.

Overview of the Basel Accords – understand how the Basel Accords have evolved since being introduced in 1988. Learn how Basel II improves risk measurement and how it is organized into three pillars: determining regulatory capital for market, credit and operational risk; supervisory review and market discipline. Gain a broad understanding of the different methods that are used to compute capital requirements for market risk, credit risk and operational risk under Pillar 1. Understand the four key principles of supervisory review under Pillar 2: having a process for assessing overall capital adequacy, evaluation of banks' internal capital adequacy strategies, expecting banks to hold more capital than required, and early intervention. Understand that Pillar 3 is designed to impose market discipline on banks by requiring them to disclose key information about risk and capital holdings. Modeling capital requirements for market risk – understand the Value at Risk methodology and how it is used to calculate capital requirements under the Basel Accords. Modeling capital requirements for credit risk – learn how the Standardized Approach assigns risk weights to different types of assets, such as claims against corporations, loans to individuals and small businesses, residential and commercial real estate loans and claims against sovereign governments and central banks. Understand how the Standardized Approach incorporates several risk mitigating techniques, such as collateral, netting and credit derivatives. Understand how the Foundation Internal Ratings Based (IRB) Approach enables banks to use their own estimates of default probabilities, while the Advanced Internal Ratings Based Approach allows banks to estimate their own default probabilities, loss given default, exposure at default and effective maturity for each exposure. Measuring capital requirements for operational risk – understand how the Basic Indicator Approach computes the operational capital charge as 15% of a bank's average gross income. Learn how the Standardized Approach divides a bank's activities into eight business lines, and weights each with a risk factor. Learn how the Advanced Measurement Approach enables a bank to use internal data to determine the appropriate operational risk capital charge. Basel III – understand the changes that will occur under Basel III. These include updated definitions for Tier 1 and Tier 2 capital, the risk-based capital ratio, countercyclical capital buffers, changes to the Standardized and IRB approaches to credit risk and the measurement of liquidity risk. Back to this topicBack to top.

Capital Markets & Quantitative: Product Classes.

Credit Derivatives Modeling in Excel & VBA.

This course provides an in-depth introduction to credit derivatives modeling. Techniques for calibrating the LIBOR curve are introduced. Alternative approaches to modeling default probabilities are considered, including Merton's model, reduced-form models and the hazard rate model. The basic properties of credit derivatives are covered in detail, along with pricing models. Strategies for hedging credit risk with these derivatives are discussed in detail. Correlation products are covered, including Collateralized Debt Obligations (CDOs) and single-tranche CDOs. These are priced with Monte Carlo simulation while hedging strategies are developed. All models are implemented in Excel/VBA.

Learning Objectives.

Excel - learn several of Excel's specialized bond pricing functions. Understand how to use Excel's add-in tools to implement advanced statistical techniques, such as regression analysis and random number generation. Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) - learn the fundamental programming structures of the VBA language, and how it can be used to extend Excel's capabilities. Statistical foundations - learn how to implement Monte Carlo simulation using Excel/VBA. Learn techniques for improving the speed of convergence, including importance sampling and low-discrepancy sequences. Calibrating the LIBOR curve - understand how the LIBOR curve may be estimated from market data in order to price credit derivatives. Default rate modeling - understand how Merton's structural model may be used to estimate default probabilities. Understand alternative approaches to default rate modeling, including reduced-form models and the hazard rate model. Credit spread derivatives - understand how credit spread forwards, swaps and options are structured and how they are priced. Understand how credit spread options can be priced with an extension of the Black-Scholes model. Credit Default Swaps (CDS) - understand the properties of a CDS and how it can be priced. Learn how a CDS can be used to create a synthetic position in a risky asset, such as a corporate bond. Understand how CDS expose investors to changes in the credit spread curve, LIBOR curve and recovery rates and how these risks may be measured and hedged. Understand how credit DV01, spread convexity and theta are defined for a CDS. Correlation products - understand the properties of credit derivatives whose value depends on the behavior of two or more underlying assets. Understand the structure of Collateralized Debt Obligations (CDOs) and the motivations for issuing them. Learn how to price CDO tranches using Monte Carlo simulation and other alternative approaches. Understand how to measure the risk associated with a CDO tranche. Understand how nth-to-Default Swaps are structured and how they may be used to enhance returns through the use of leverage. Back to this topicBack to top.

Fixed Income Modeling and Risk Management.

This course is designed to provide an intensive introduction to fixed income markets and interest rate derivatives. The course presents several alternative measures of interest rates: yield to maturity, spot rates, forward rates and discount factors; techniques for pricing bonds with these measures are covered. The measurement and management of interest rate risk is then explored in depth.

Learning Objectives.

Excel - learn how Excel can be used to implement several sophisticated models of interest rates and interest rate risk. Understand how interest rate derivative securities can be priced based on these models. Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) - learn how to extend the capabilities of Excel with the VBA programming language. Understand the basic programming structures of VBA, such as arrays, objects, properties, methods, and branching and looping statements. Learn how to write user-defined functions and macros. Interest rate modeling - understand the definitions of yield to maturity, spot rates, forward rates and discount factors. Learn how these measures relate to each other and how they can be used to price fixed-income securities, including bonds. Understand different types of compounding conventions. Measuring interest rate risk - understand the properties of duration and convexity and how they are derived. Learn how duration and convexity are used to measure and manage interest rate risk. Understand how duration hedging is implemented and the drawbacks to this approach. Gain insight into how convexity can be used to increase the effectiveness of duration hedging. Principal components analysis (PCA) - understand how PCA is used to identify the factors that explain the behavior of the yield curve. Learn how PCA can be used to derive more realistic versions of duration, known as level, slope and curvature duration, and how these may be used to hedge interest rate risk. Modeling interest rates - understand how the term structure of interest rates can be modeled as a binomial tree and implemented in Excel. Understand how the binomial tree can be used to price callable and puttable bonds, floating rate bonds and inverse floaters. Learn how the tree is used to compute analytics such as effective duration, effective convexity and option-adjusted spread (OAS.) Understand how OAS is used in rich-cheap analysis to identify the relative value of different fixed income securities. Monte Carlo simulation - understand how Monte Carlo simulation can be used to price fixed income securities and compute effective duration, effective convexity and OAS. Interest rate derivatives - understand the basic properties of interest rate futures, forwards, swaps and options. Learn how interest rate options can be priced with a modified version of the Black-Scholes model and the binomial interest rate tree. Hedging with interest rate derivatives - understand basic strategies for hedging interest rate risk with interest rate futures, such as Eurodollar futures and Treasury bill futures. Understand the concept of basis risk. Learn how hedging strategies can be implemented with interest rate swaps and options. Passive fixed income portfolio management strategies - understand how passive strategies are used to replicate the returns to an index, such as the Barclays Capital Aggregate Bond Index. Learn different approaches to replication, such as stratified sampling, tracking-error minimization, factor-based replication, and derivatives-based replication. Understand how immunization strategies can be implemented; these include cash-flow matching and duration matching. Learn how derivatives can be used to implement passive strategies. Active fixed income portfolio management strategies - learn how market timing strategies are implemented based on anticipated yield curve changes. These include "riding the yield curve" and bullet, barbell, ladder and butterfly strategies. Understand how trading strategies can be based on ex Back to this topicBack to top.

Interest Rate Derivatives Modeling and Term Structure of Rates.

This course provides an analysis of the term structure of interest rates and interest rate derivatives pricing models. Several different types of interest rate derivatives are covered, including interest rate futures and forwards, interest rate swaps and interest rate options. The uses of these derivatives for hedging and trading purposes is explored in depth. Black's model is applied to the pricing of European interest rate options. Equilibrium models of the term structure of interest rates are introduced and implemented in Excel. These models are used to price zero-coupon bonds and coupon bonds. The drawbacks of equilibrium term structure models are considered. No-arbitrage models of the term structure are explored in depth, including the lognormal model, Black-Derman-Toy (BDT) and Hull-White. The comparative strengths and weaknesses of these models are considered. The BDT model is implemented in VBA as a binomial interest rate tree. The model is then used to price European, American and Exotic interest rate options.

Learning Objectives.

Excel - learn how Excel can be used to implement several sophisticated pricing models for interest rate derivatives. Understand how simple models of the term structure of interest rates can be implemented in Excel. Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) - learn how to extend the capabilities of Excel with the VBA programming language. Understand the basic programming structures of VBA, such as arrays, objects, properties, methods, and branching and looping statements. Learn how to write user-defined functions and macros. Stochastic processes - learn the statistical properties of key stochastic processes and how they may be used to model the evolution of interest rates over time. Interest rate forwards and futures - understand the properties of interest rate forward contracts, such as forward rate agreements (FRAs), and how they are priced. Learn how FRAs are used to lock in a borrowing or a lending rate. Learn how interest rate futures, such as Eurodollar futures, are used for hedging fluctuations in interest rates. Understand how basis risk arises when hedging with futures contracts. Learn how to implement duration-based hedges with futures contracts. Learn how and why cross-hedging is implemented, and how to measure its effectiveness with regression analysis. Understand the convexity adjustment that relates forward rates of interest to futures rates. Interest rate swaps - learn how interest rate swaps are structured. Understand how swap rates are determined from the term structure of interest rates, and how interest rate swaps are priced. Learn how interest rate swaps may be used to hedge risk by transforming floating rate assets/liabilities to fixed rate and vice versa. Learn how the risk of a negative or positive GAP can be hedged with an appropriate position in an interest rate swap. Understand how a synthetic position in a security can be created with an interest rate swap. Interest rate options - become familiar with the properties of interest rate options, such as caps, floors, collars, swaptions and futures options. Understand how European interest rate options can be priced with Black's model, how Greeks can be calculated for these options, and how the prices of caps, floors and swaps are related. Understand how the Greeks can be used to implement hedging strategies. Analyze the strengths and weaknesses of Black's model. Understand the properties of American and exotic interest rate options. Learn how caps can be used to hedge floating rate liabilities, floors can be used to protect the returns to floating rate assets and collars are used to set upper and lower boundaries on interest rates. Understand how swaptions can be used to lock in a maximum rate for floating rate debt, and how they can be used to transform fixed-rate assets into floating rate assets to benefit from rising rates. Equilibrium term structure models - understand the key features of two key equilibrium models: Vasicek and Cox-Ingersoll-Ross. Understand how these models can be used to price coupon bonds and zero coupon bonds. Understand how these models are derived and why they are not appropriate for pricing interest rate derivatives. No-arbitrage term structure models - learn the key properties of no-arbitrage term structure models, such as the lognormal model, Black-Derman-Toy (BDT) and Hull-White. Gain insights into the stochastic processes that underlie these models. Understand how to implement the Black-Derman-Toy model using VBA. Learn how to use the Black-Derman-Toy model to price European interest rate options, such as caps, floors and collars, and compare the results with Black's model. Use BDT to price American and exotic interest rate options, such as barrier caps and floors, bounded caps and floors, cancelable swaps and captions and floortions. Back to this topicBack to top.

Foreign Exchange (FX) Modeling & Hedging.

The course presents an overview of exchange rates, foreign exchange risk and strategies for pricing and hedging with foreign exchange derivatives. The basic features of the foreign exchange markets are introduced, along with several international parity conditions. The key properties of foreign exchanges forwards, futures, swaps and options are covered in detail; pricing models are introduced for each type of derivative along with hedging strategies. Several models are introduced for pricing foreign exchange options and are implemented in VBA. These models are used to compute the Greeks and implement sophisticated hedging strategies. The properties of exotic foreign exchange options are covered; these are priced with stochastic volatility option pricing models.

Learning Objectives.

Excel - understand how to use Excel's optimization package Solver for applications such as computing implied volatility. Learn how to implement regression analysis using Excel's Data Analysis Tool-Pak add-in. Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) - learn how to extend the capabilities of Excel with the VBA programming language. Understand the basic programming structures of VBA, such as arrays, objects, properties, methods, and branching and looping statements. Learn how to write user-defined functions and macros. The foreign exchange markets - understand the meaning of spot, forward and cross-exchange rates. Learn how real exchange rates are determined from nominal exchange rates, and how both are calculated. International parity relations - understand how exchange rates are affected by interest rates and inflation rates through purchasing power parity and the International Fisher Effect. Learn how interest rate parity ties together the values of spot and forward exchange rates, and how violations of IRP lead to arbitrage profits. Understand how uncovered interest rate parity "carry trade," can be used to increase returns. Foreign exchange forwards and futures - understand the properties of foreign exchange forwards and futures; understand how FX forward contracts are priced. Learn how marking-to-market affects the relationship between futures and forward prices. Understand how FX forwards can be used to lock in the exchange rate at which future transactions will take place. Learn different approaches to futures hedging and how the optimal hedge ratio can be determined with regression analysis. Understand how basis risk arises with FX futures hedging and how cross hedges are implemented and their effectiveness. Foreign exchange swaps - learn how FX swaps can be priced as a sequence of FX forward contracts or as a portfolio of bonds. Understand how FX swaps can be used to convert the denomination of assets and liabilities from one currency into another in order to hedge FX risk or increase rates of return. FX options - understand the basic features of FX options and several hedging strategies, including bull spreads, bear spreads, butterfly spreads, straddles and strangles. Learn the properties of several exotic FX options, including barrier options, digital options and quantos. Understand the properties of the standard Greeks: delta, gamma, theta, vega and rho, as well as the higher-order Greeks, such as vanna and volga. Implied volatility - understand how implied volatility can be computed from the Black-Scholes model using root-finding techniques such as Newton-Raphson. Understand the properties of the volatility skew and how the term structure of volatilities is calculated. Learn how the implied volatility surface is constructed from the volatility skew and the term structure of volatility. Foreign exchange option pricing models - learn how plain vanilla FX options can be priced with an extension of the Black-Scholes model, known as the Garman-Kohlhagen model, and how the Greeks may be derived from the model. Understand how the Greeks are used for hedging strategies. Learn how exotic FX options can be priced with the stochastic volatility SABR (stochastic alpha beta rho) model and how the Greeks can be determined with the model. Understand the vanna-volga approach to pricing exotic FX options and computing the Greeks. Learn strategies for hedging delta, vega, vanna and volga risk. Back to this topicBack to top.

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